$330 Billion @
$200,000/share

$470 Billion @
$60/share

$500 Billion @
$800/share

$330 Billion @
$80/share

$2.5 Trillion USD

Cash value of Investment Gold

This is how much money is on the planet. It is not all in physical cash though (as shown above), most of it is digital:

Bank Money consists of money stored in banks by corporations and people, available for withdrawal at any time.
Bank Money is also lent out by Banks to people and business’. Banks have a minimum reserve requirement (usually 10%) that they must keep on hand. If everyone decided to go to the ATM and pull everything, there would be a run on the bank.

The world’s citizens pay interest on this much money because of debts created by their country governments.

Usually Government Bonds are considered safe investments with little risk of non-payment because Governments can write new laws (increase & create Involuntary Taxes) to take the people’s money by force (in heavy terms: legalized robbery). Another option of re-payments that is NOT so favorable to investors/lenders is to have the Federal Reserve «print» new money, this devalues the purchasing power of money through inflation and the investors gets back less than they put in. This is usually the method of choice for governments.

Why so much Government Debt? Because politicians over-promise to the citizens what they can (NOT) deliver, they do so to win the election. Once Politicans win they borrow money to pay for their promises in order to keep the promises. Often they borrow to enrich themselves and their crony partners in crime.

Corporate Bonds are similar to Government Bonds, but more risky. Many big companies carry far less risk than lending money to individuals— this fact lowers risk and drives down lending interest rates.
Big corporations can borrow money fairly cheap compared to private individuals.
Sometimes companies borrow money to buy back their stock and push stock value up, by so enriching the investors while financially gutting the company.

Stocks can fluctuate greatly in value, because their value is more abstract- the value is determined by P/E (Price to Earnings) ratio and anticipated stock dividend payments.

If you would want to buy the entire world, this is how much money you would need.

This specific pile of money is enabled by private ownership and private enterprise through Capitalism.

Democratic Capitalism is considered to be the worst economic system before taking a look at the alternatives.
Democratic Capitalism was promoted by the Founding Fathers of USA. Some call the Founders Heroes,
meanwhile some call them «Slave owners who did not want to pay taxes to the UK». Choice is yours.

Corporate Capitalism is considered to be the dominant system in United States currently.

Communist government would seize control of all this money (Business and Real Estate)
on the basis that the government knows better than you where to invest your savings,
and the government would run all business and own all real estate.

The road to hell is always paved with good intentions.
A fool who thinks he knows is much more dangerous
than a fool that knows he knows nothing.

Derivatives are a dangerous mess. They are imaginary but yet very real. Derivatives are casino style bets on value of whatever they choose to bet on, in contract form, made by banks, overseen by no one (because no one clearly understands the intertwined web & mess of Derivatives).

Pick «something» of value, make bets on the future value of «something», add contract & you have a derivative. Banks make massive profits on derivatives, and when the bubble bursts chances are the taxpayer will end up with the bill. This visualizes the total coverage for derivatives (notional). Similar to insurance company’s total coverage for all cars (does not mean all insurance on all cars will be paid out simultaneously).

Sometimes Banks make self-cancelling Derivative contracts. Example: 2x Banks enter 2x Contracts:
Contract1 = Bank1 pays $10M to Bank2 if price goes up
Contract2 = Bank2 pays $10M to Bank1 if price goes up.
This 1000x and then they go brag to each other about the size of their derivative portfolio.

No one can really track who owes what to whom in Derivatives, it’s a vast confusing mess, but an unannounced event such as Fed Chairwoman Janet Yellen suddenly raising interest rate to 5% would very likely implode the entire Derivative System and the Banks along with that, because cascading domino effect and some bank likely would have a bad hand on Derivative bets and go bankrupt.

In short, the entire financial world hangs by a thin string, ready to be destroyed in a domino effect due to an unforeseen event (crisis) that causes value of investments to fall and Derivatives exacerbates the effects.

Demonocracy.info has a detailed article on
Derivatives: The Unregulated Global Casino for Banks. Here you can get more info on how this monstrosity works.

Here we are: The Final: All the money and all the assets in the world, shown in physical cash form, in one graphic.

The Liquidity Pyramid was created for visualizing the organization of asset classes in terms of risk and size. The Liquidity Pyramid was created during the time in United States, when each dollar was backed by Gold. Gold forms the small base of most reliable value, and asset classes on progressively higher levels are more risky. The larger size of asset classes at higher levels is representative of the higher total worldwide notional value of those assets. While Exter’s original pyramid placed Third World debt at the top, today derivatives hold this dubious honor.

As financial risk increases, money tends to move from the more risky assets (Derivatives),
to the least risky assets (to physical cash and then gold). Nothing is without risk, but risk is relative.
The issue is that there is very little physical cash and even less Gold compared to
the more risky assets, this makes for a crowded trade in times of high risk
when everyone wants to jump into cash and gold, pushing up the price.

Click on the image above for a 75 megapixel, giant resolution zoom-in eye candy bonanza!
After zooming, if you look carefully, you will be able to see a small man standing on top of the gold pillar.

How Much Money Is There In The World? | 2022 Edition

Money is the medium of exchange for goods and services. It doesn’t literally make the world go around, but the economies of countries rely on the exchange of money for products and services.

Money supply data is usually analyzed and published by the government or the central bank of the country. Since it is present in various forms (virtual and physical) in different currencies, it’s extremely difficult to determine the exact total amount.

To make things easier, we have converted currencies into the US dollar. And since US statistics are easily available, we can examine this question in different ways.

Different Types of Money

Typically, different types of money are classified as “M”s. They range from M0 (narrowest) to M3 (broadest), depending on the policy formulation of the country’s central bank.

The Federal Reserve System — central bank of the United States of America — for instance, publishes data on three monetary:

M0: All physical currency in circulation, including coins, notes, and bills, is called M0 money.

M1: includes all of the currency in the M0 money supply, plus all of the money held in demand deposits, travelers checks, other checkable deposits, and negotiable order of withdrawal. Basically, M1 money contains currency and assets that can be rapidly converted into cash.

M2: includes all elements of M1, plus saving deposits, mutual funds, money market securities, and other time deposits. Usually, these assets are used as an exchange medium and are less liquid than M1.

M3: is M2 plus large certificates of deposits, institutional money market funds, and short-term repurchase agreements. These assets are less liquid than other elements of the money supply.

The Federal Reserve System doesn’t track M3 money since 2006, because all valuable information on economic activity is already available in the M2 money supply.

So How Much Money Is Out There?

Future Of the Money

The total quantity of money in circulation will increase in the future as more investments flow-in, and developing countries stabilize their economies.

The use of physical money is reducing year-by-year and transactions are becoming more digital. As digital payments gain more popularity, the amount of physical money is likely to fall even further.

In Sweden, for instance, only 20% of all transactions are now made in cash. Sweden’s national bank estimates that the amount of physical money circulating in the country will be reduced by 50% by 2050.

Many countries have started developing Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs); a few (including The Bahamas and Nigeria) have even implemented them. CBDCs are digital tokens issued by a central bank. They are similar to cryptocurrencies but since they are issued and regulated by the nation’s monetary authority, they are much safer and more stable.

Whichever way you look at it, counting up the exact amount is next to impossible. There is no precise way to answer this question. How can you quantify something that changes in value, not just in terms of currency rates but also in meaning?

More To Know

How much money is there per person?

How much money did the Federal Reserve print in 2020?

The effect of excessive money printing in 2020-2021

The consequences are clear: the annual inflation rate in the United States reached 9.1% in 2022, making a fresh high since 1981. Energy prices jumped about 41.6% from a year earlier, while food costs surged nearly 10.4% — this is the largest increase in the last four decades.

Which currency has the highest value in the world?

The highest currency in the world is Kuwaiti Dinar (KWD), with one Kuwaiti Dinar equalling 3.25 United States Dollars. The first series of Kuwaiti dinar banknotes was introduced in 1960 and was initially equivalent to one pound sterling.

What’s the total market cap of cryptocurrencies?

What is the world’s total wealth?

This figure includes real estate prices, equity market prices, exchange rates, natural resources, human resources, as well as capital and technological advancements that may create new assets or render others worthless in the coming years.

Wealth distribution among selected regions and countries

According to Credit Suisse, a global investment bank and financial services firm, North America has 32.6% of global wealth. Europe, Asia-Pacific, China, and India account for 24.7%, 18%, 17.9%, and 3.1% of global wealth, respectively.

All of the World’s Money and Markets in One Visualization

December 20, 2015

All of the World’s Money and Markets in One Visualization

Last week, we published the above visualization, which compares the size of all of the world’s money and markets on our new Money Project website.

To receive posts from The Money Project when they happen, connect with us via our free email list, Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, and our Money Project RSS feed.

Founding Partners:

The following two companies are the founding partners of The Money Project:

Visual Capitalist is a leading financial media site that creates and curates enriched visual content focused on emerging trends in business and investing.

Texas Precious Metals was ranked by Inc. 500 as the #200 Fastest Growing Private Company in America. Texas Precious Metals has low premiums, free shipping, spectacular products, and fanatical customer service.

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Mining

How to Avoid Common Mistakes With Mining Stocks (Part 5: Funding Strength)

A mining company’s past projects and funding strength are interlinked. This infographic outlines how a company’s ability to raise capital can determine the fate of a mining stock.

February 19, 2021

A mining company’s past projects and funding strength are interlinked, and can provide clues as to its potential success.

A good track record can provide better opportunities to raise capital, but the company must still ensure it times its financing with the market, protects its shareholders, and demonstrates value creation from the funding it receives.

Part 5: The Role of Funding Strength

We’ve partnered with Eclipse Gold Mining on an infographic series to show you how to avoid common mistakes when evaluating and investing in mining exploration stocks.

Part 5 of the series highlights six things to keep in mind when analyzing a company’s project history and funding ability.

View all five parts of the series:

Part 5: Raising Capital and Funding Strength

So what must investors evaluate when it comes to funding strength?

Here are six important areas to cover.

1. Past Project Success: Veteran vs. Recruit

A history of success in mining helps to attract capital from knowledgeable investors. Having an experienced team provides confidence and opens up opportunities to raise additional capital on more favorable terms.

Veteran:

A company with successful past projects instills confidence in investors and indicates the company knows how to make future projects successful, as well.

2. Well-balanced Financing: Shareholder Friendly vs. Banker Friendly

Companies need to balance between large investors and protecting retail shareholders. Management with skin in the game ensures they find a balance between serving the interests of both of these unique groups.

Shareholder Friendly:

Mining companies need to find a balance between keeping their current shareholders happy while also offering attractive financing options to attract further investors.

3. A Liquid Stock: Hot Spot vs. Ghost Town

Lack of liquidity in a stock can be a major problem when it comes to attracting investment. It can limit investments from bigger players like funds and savvy investors. Investors prefer liquid stocks that are easily traded, as this allows them to capitalize on market trends.

Hot Spot:

Liquidity makes all the difference when it comes to attracting investors and ensuring they’re comfortable holding a company’s stock.

4. Timing the Market: On Time vs. Too Late or Too Early

Raising capital at the wrong time can result in little interest from investors. Companies in tune with market cycles can raise capital to capture rising interest in the commodity they’re mining.

Being On Time:

Companies need to time when they raise capital in order to maximize the amount raised.

5. Where is the Money Going? Money Well Spent vs. Well Wasted

How a company spends its money plays a crucial role in whether the company is generating more value or just keeping the lights on. Investors should always try to determine if management is simply in it for a quick buck, or if they truly believe in their projects and the quality of the ore the company is mining.

Money Well Spent:

Raised capital needs to be allocated wisely in order to support projects and generate value for shareholders.

6. Additional Capital: Back for More vs. Tapped Out

Mining is a capital intensive process, and unless the company has access to a treasure trove, funding is crucial to advancing any project. Companies that demonstrate consistency in their ability to create value at every stage will find it easier to raise capital when it’s necessary.

Back For More:

Every mining project requires numerous financings. However, if management proves they spend capital in a way that creates value, investors will likely offer more funding during difficult or unexpected times.

Wealth Creation and Funding Strength

Mining companies that develop significant assets can create massive amounts of wealth, but often the company will not see cash flow for years. This is why it is so important to have funding strength: an ability to raise capital and build value to harvest later.

It is a challenging process to build a mining company, but management that has the ability to treat their shareholders and raise money can see their dreams built.

Precious Metals

How Every Asset Class, Currency, and S&P 500 Sector Performed in 2020

The markets were volatile but offered great opportunity in 2020. See how every asset class, currency, and S&P 500 sector performed over the year.

How Every Market Performed in 2020

It has been a volatile year for financial markets and their participants, with some of the largest price fluctuations imaginable across just about every single asset.

Despite the volatility, the combination of the Federal Reserve’s early stimulus interventions and positive vaccine news has rewarded dip-buyers and strong hands.

Along with visualizing the returns across asset classes, currencies, and S&P 500 sectors, we’ve included their maximum drawdown for the year—the drop from the 2020 open to the 2020 lows—along with the recovery from 2020 lows to the closing price.

This helps visualize 2020’s most resilient assets, along with the strength of their recovery.

Markets Roundup for 2020

Of all the major asset classes, precious metals provided the best returns last year.

Here’s a look at how all major asset classes performed over the course of the year:

U.S. equities and emerging market equities had double-digit returns despite the tumultuous year. Small cap stocks in the Russell 2000 outpaced the S&P 500 by 3%, but also saw a steeper drawdown during times of volatility.

Although there were some wild drawdowns in 2020, nothing compared to the drop into negative prices for WTI crude oil that occurred in April. Futures traded all the way down to -$37.63 a barrel when travel cancellations brought oil demand to a standstill and supply cut agreements weren’t reached by OPEC members.

Performance by S&P 500 Sector

Unsurprisingly, the energy sector was hit the hardest last year, with value sectors generally struggling to perform compared to growth sectors.

Information technology continued to outperform like in 2019, with Amazon (76%), Apple (81%), and Netflix (66%) the three best performing FAANG members. Other tech stocks like Nvidia (121%), Paypal (115%), and AMD (100%) comfortably sailed to new all-time highs with triple-digit returns for 2020.

As the communication services (21.3%) and consumer discretionary (32%) sectors also performed well, the latter saw the biggest bounce from the lows of any S&P 500 sector (96%).

Foreign Exchange Performance in 2020

Early on in the year, major currencies generally followed similar patterns as they all fell against the U.S. dollar in March’s flight to safety.

Timing the dip on the Australian or New Zealand dollar was the most rewarding opportunity for forex traders last year. Meanwhile, the Indian rupee, Mexican peso, and Russian ruble weren’t able to claw back the points they lost in March, with the ruble seeing double-digit losses.

All eyes have been on the U.S. dollar’s free-fall downwards since it spiked up in March, and as the Biden administration prepares to take office, speculative traders have returned to selling dollars.

Winners and Losers of 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic largely defined many of the winners and losers of 2020, as did the Federal Reserve’s expansion of the U.S. money supply.

Zoom became an essential communications service in lockdown and Moderna and Novavax shares skyrocketed in valuation as they announced their COVID-19 vaccines.

Bitcoin broke well beyond its previous all-time high, returning just over 300% from the 2020 open and more than 650% from the lows. Tesla had an even more spectacular run, returning 745% and making Elon Musk the second-richest man in the world.

Meanwhile, as global travel quickly came to a halt last year, Carnival Corporation (the world’s biggest cruise operator) and Air Canada suffered double-digit losses along with WTI crude oil and much of the energy sector and travel industry.

The History of Money

From bartering to banknotes to Bitcoin

Money allows people to trade goods and services indirectly. It helps communicate the price of goods, and it provides individuals with a way to store their wealth.

Key Takeaways

Money is valuable as a unit of account—a socially accepted standard by which things are priced and with which payment is accepted. However, throughout history, both the usage and form of money have evolved.

Though the terms «money» and «currency» are often used interchangeably, several theories suggest that they are not identical. According to some theories, money is inherently an intangible concept, while currency is the physical (tangible) manifestation of the intangible concept of money.

By extension, according to this theory, money cannot be touched or smelled. Currency is the coin, note, object, etc. that is presented in the form of money. The basic form of money is numbers; currently, the basic form of currency is paper notes, coins, or plastic cards (e.g., credit or debit cards). Though this distinction between money and currency is important in some contexts, for the purposes of this article, the terms are used interchangeably.

Understanding the History of Money

Investopedia / Sabrina Jiang

The Transition From Bartering to Currency

Money—in some form or another—has been part of human history for at least the past 5,000 years. Before that time, historians generally agree that a system of bartering was likely used.

Bartering is a direct trade of goods and services; for example, a farmer may exchange a bushel of wheat for a pair of shoes from a shoemaker. However, these arrangements take time. If you are exchanging an ax as part of an agreement in which the other party is supposed to kill a woolly mammoth, you have to find someone who thinks an ax is a fair trade for having to face down the 12-foot tusks of a mammoth. If this doesn’t work, you would have to alter the deal until someone agreed to the terms.

Slowly, a type of currency developed over the centuries that involved easily traded items like animal skins, salt, and weapons. These traded goods served as the medium of exchange (even though the value of each of these items was still negotiable in many cases). This system of trading spread across the world and still survives today in some parts of the globe.

One of the greatest achievements of the introduction of money was the increased speed at which business, whether it involved mammoth-slaying or monument-building, could be done.

In early August 2021, Chinese archaeologists with the State University of Zhengzhou announced that they had discovered the world’s oldest known, securely dated coin minting site. A mint is a facility where currency is created. Sometime around 640 BCE, this facility, located in Guanzhuang in Henan Province, China, began striking spade coins, one of the first standardized forms of metal coinage.

First Official Currency Is Minted

Meanwhile, further west during this era, the sixth-century BCE Greek poet Xenophanes, quoted by the historian Herodotus, ascribed the invention of metal coinage to the Lydians. In 600 BCE, Lydia’s King Alyattes minted what is believed to be the first official currency, the Lydian stater.

The coins were made from electrum, a mixture of silver and gold that occurs naturally, and the coins were stamped with pictures that acted as denominations. In the streets of Sardis, in approximately 600 BCE, a clay jar might cost you two owls and a snake.

Lydia’s currency helped the country increase both its internal and external trading systems, making it one of the richest empires in Asia Minor. Today, when someone says, «as rich as Croesus», they are referring to the last Lydian king who minted the first gold coin.

Transition to Paper Currency

During 1260 CE, the Yuan dynasty of China moved from coins to paper money. By the time Marco Polo—the Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer who traveled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295 CE—visited China in approximately 1271 CE, the emperor of China had a good handle on both the money supply and its various denominations. In fact, in the place where modern American bills say, «In God We Trust,» the Chinese inscription at that time warned: «Those who are counterfeiting will be beheaded.»

Parts of Europe were still using metal coins as their sole form of currency until the 16th century. Colonial acquisitions of new territories via European conquest provided new sources of precious metals and enabled European nations to keep minting a greater quantity of coins.

However, banks eventually started using paper banknotes for depositors and borrowers to carry around in place of metal coins. These notes could be taken to the bank at any time and exchanged for their face value in metal—usually silver or gold—coins. This paper money could be used to buy goods and services. In this way, it operated much like currency does today in the modern world. However, it was issued by banks and private institutions, not the government, which is now responsible for issuing currency in most countries.

The first paper currency issued by European governments was actually issued by their colonial governments in North America. Because shipments between Europe and the North American colonies took a long time, colonies often ran out of cash. Instead of going back to a barter system, the colonial governments issued IOUs that traded as currency. The first instance was in Canada (then a French colony). In 1685, soldiers were issued playing cards denominated and signed by the governor to use as cash instead of coins from France.

The Emergence of Currency Wars

The shift to paper money in Europe increased the amount of international trade that could occur. Banks and the ruling classes started buying currencies from other nations and created the first currency market. The stability of a particular monarchy or government affected the value of the country’s currency, and thus, that country’s ability to trade on an increasingly international market.

The competition between countries often led to currency wars, where competing countries would try to change the value of the competitor’s currency by driving it up and making the enemy’s goods too expensive, by driving it down and reducing the enemy’s buying power (and ability to pay for a war), or by eliminating the currency completely.

Mobile Payments

The 21st century has given rise to two novel forms of currency: mobile payments and virtual currency. Mobile payments are money rendered for a product or service through a portable electronic device, such as a cellphone, smartphone, or tablet device.

Mobile payment technology can also be used to send money to friends or family members. Increasingly, services like Apple Pay and Google Pay are vying for retailers to accept their platforms for point-of-sale payments.

Virtual Currency

How Long Has Money Been Around, and What Were the First Forms of Value Exchange?

Money—in some form or another—has been part of human history for at least the past 5,000 years. Before that time, historians generally agree that a system of bartering was likely used.

Bartering is a direct trade of goods and services; for example, a farmer may exchange a bushel of wheat for a pair of shoes from a shoemaker.

When and Where Did Coin Minting Begin?

The world’s oldest known, securely dated coin minting site was located at Guanzhuang in the Henan Province of China, which began striking spade coins sometime around 640 BCE, likely the first standardized metal coinage.

When Were Coins Replaced by Paper Money?

Around 700 CE, the Chinese moved from coins to paper money. By the time Marco Polo—the Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer who traveled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295 CE—visited China in approximately 1271 CE, the emperor of China had a good handle on both the money supply and its various denominations.

The Bottom Line

The history of money is still being written. The system of exchange has moved from swapping animal skins to minting coins to printing paper money, and today, we appear to be on the cusp of a massive shift to electronic transactions. Ancient transaction forms have been co-opted: for example, bartering still occurs on the margins in some markets such as the business-to-business (B2B) space and some consumer services. The monetary system will surely continue evolving as long as humans require a medium of exchange.

All the Money in the World

	It’s engaging? Yes. It’s well made? Yes It’s has an interesting real life story? Yes It’s well acted? Yes It’s well directed? Yes, it’s Ridley Scott for christ sake Then why only 6? Because I found it incredibly underwhelming. It’s even boring in some parts, I guess I was looking for It’s engaging? Yes. It’s well made? Yes It’s has an interesting real life story? Yes It’s well acted? Yes It’s well directed? Yes, it’s Ridley Scott for christ sake Then why only 6? Because I found it incredibly underwhelming. It’s even boring in some parts, I guess I was looking for something more absorbing, more attractive and entertaining. During the whole duration I felt like something was missing, a crucial turning point. I felt it like a tamed film, where everything is on point but nothing is memorable. Not a setback for Ridley Scott at all but he definitively can do a lot better. Also I cannot say if Kevin Spacey would’ve make a difference but Christopher Plummer did a pretty good job. … Expand All the Money in the World 2017, Crime/Drama, 2h 12m What to know critics consensus All the Money in the World offers an absorbing portrayal of a true story, brought compellingly to life by a powerful performance from Christopher Plummer. Read critic reviews You might also like Where to watch Rate And Review Rate this movie Oof, that was Rotten. Meh, it passed the time. It’s good – I’d recommend it. So Fresh: Absolute Must See! What did you think of the movie? (optional) You’re almost there! Just confirm how you got your ticket. How did you buy your ticket? Let’s get your review verified. AMCTheatres.com or AMC App New Cinemark Coming Soon We won’t be able to verify your ticket today, but it’s great to know for the future. Regal Coming Soon We won’t be able to verify your ticket today, but it’s great to know for the future. Theater box office or somewhere else By opting to have your ticket verified for this movie, you are allowing us to check the email address associated with your Rotten Tomatoes account against an email address associated with a Fandango ticket purchase for the same movie. You’re almost there! Just confirm how you got your ticket. Rate this movie Oof, that was Rotten. Meh, it passed the time. It’s good – I’d recommend it. So Fresh: Absolute Must See! What did you think of the movie? (optional) How did you buy your ticket? AMCTheatres.com or AMC App New Cinemark Coming Soon We won’t be able to verify your ticket today, but it’s great to know for the future. Regal Coming Soon We won’t be able to verify your ticket today, but it’s great to know for the future. Theater box office or somewhere else By opting to have your ticket verified for this movie, you are allowing us to check the email address associated with your Rotten Tomatoes account against an email address associated with a Fandango ticket purchase for the same movie. You haven’t finished your review yet, want to submit as-is? You can always edit your review after. Are you sure? Verified reviews are considered more trustworthy by fellow moviegoers. Want to submit changes to your review before closing? Done Already? A few more words can help others decide if it’s worth watching They won’t be able to see your review if you only submit your rating. Done Already? A few more words can help others decide if it’s worth watching They won’t be able to see your review if you only submit your rating. The image is an example of a ticket confirmation email that AMC sent you when you purchased your ticket. Your Ticket Confirmation # is located under the header in your email that reads «Your Ticket Reservation Details». Just below that it reads «Ticket Confirmation#:» followed by a 10-digit number. This 10-digit number is your confirmation number. Your AMC Ticket Confirmation# can be found in your order confirmation email. ЮMoney: приложение, кошелёк и карты для шопинга Карты ЮMoney в телефоне: виртуальная и бесконтактная Виртуалка «Мир» ваша сразу после регистрации. Работает в интернете — и, если добавить её в Mir Pay, в офлайне Бесконтактную карту можно получить в приложении ЮMoney для Android™. Работает только в офлайне Обе карты бесплатные — за выпуск и обслуживание платить не нужно Кошелёк ЮMoney Его вы также получите после регистрации. Привяжите к кошельку банковскую карту и платите ей за покупки — если ваш банк даёт кэшбэк, он будет суммироваться с нашим. Кошельком можно заплатить в онлайне за электронику, одежду, еду, курсы и тысячи других товаров Манхва Мир власти и денег | This World is Money and Power | Sesang-eun Dongwa Gwonlyeog Пользовательские оценки Общая оценка Сюжет Персонажи Если не работает, попробуйте выключить AdBlock Ожидание ответа от сервера Информация о манге Томов: 2, выпуск продолжается Журнал: Naver Webtoon После поступления третьего наследника влиятельного магната в среднюю школу, учителя и ученики, ослепленные властью и деньгами, были вовлечены в своеобразные «игры разума». Чтобы прекратить подобное, школа обратилась к молодому гению Тан Гон У. Те, кто говорят, что за деньги счастья не купишь. нагло врут. В конце концов, всё сводится к деньгам. Везде одни деньги, деньги, деньги. Зачем вам столько? На что вы собираетесь их тратить? Я. Не хочу так жить. Хочу приложить все усилия и добиться успеха. Лучше уж предпочту всю жизнь лезть на стену, до вершины которой мне никогда не добраться! Вы лишь мечтаете о несбыточном. Думаете, что всё всегда будет хорошо, потому и довольствуетесь малым. Даже если вас обманывают, как дураков, вы не можете этого осознать. Вы не в состоянии узреть и принять реальность. Живёте лишь настоящим. Наслаждайтесь. Задавайте вопросы, обсуждайте героя, конкретные детали The History of Money: How Our Currency Evolved from Pelts to Money Share this: The views expressed on this blog are those of the bloggers, and not necessarily those of Intuit. Third-party blogger may have received compensation for their time and services. Click here to read full disclosure on third-party bloggers. This blog does not provide legal, financial, accounting or tax advice. The content on this blog is «as is» and carries no warranties. Intuit does not warrant or guarantee the accuracy, reliability, and completeness of the content on this blog. After 20 days, comments are closed on posts. Intuit may, but has no obligation to, monitor comments. Comments that include profanity or abusive language will not be posted. Click here to read full Terms of Service. What is money? When was money invented? Who invented money? The history of money is fascinating and goes back thousands of years. From the early days of bartering to the first metal coins and eventually the first paper money, money has always had an important impact on the way we function as a society. In this guide we’ll go into detail about the history of money and how human beings have advanced from the barter economy to a complex financial system with several forms of currency. Keep reading for a comprehensive overview or use the links below to go to a specific section. What is Money? Interestingly enough, money often has no intrinsic value. Instead, money is an object that has a value placed on it, which allows for the trade of goods and services. Some money, such as metal coins, has actual value in terms of the materials used. However, paper money is more common in the modern world and typically has no real value. Throughout the evolution of money, currency has taken several different forms. When Was Money Invented? Before money was invented, people bartered for goods and services. It wasn’t until about 5,000 years ago that the Mesopotamian people created the shekel, which is considered the first known form of currency. Gold and silver coins date back to around 650 to 600 B.C. when stamped coins were used to pay armies. Some evidence suggests that metal coins may be as old as 1250 B.C. What Was Used Before Money Was Invented? When there was no currency, people traded goods and services for what they needed. One farmer might trade livestock for vegetables, while another may trade labor or lumber for livestock. These transactions were the early building blocks of our modern economy and would go on to create the future of money the world knows today. History of Bartering The history of bartering dates all the way back to 6000 B.C. when Mesopotamian tribes introduced the concept to the Phoenicians. Goods were exchanged for each other in the absence of money, including things like tea, salt, weapons and food. As time went on, bartering continued to evolve, with Colonial Americans trading pelts, crops and muskets. The first metal money dates back to 1000 B.C. China. These coins were made from stamped pieces of valuable metal, such as bronze and copper. Early iterations of coins were also used by ancient Greeks, starting around 650 B.C. Over time, these coins would evolve to be made from the silver and gold we associate with money today. Coins were a huge milestone in the history of money because they were one of the first currencies that allowed people to pay by count (number of coins) rather than weight. Early Coins Throughout history, there have been lots of different coins used in different regions. In about 500 B.C., the first round coins were created and stamped with gods and emperors for authenticity. In 800 AD, Charlemagne issued the silver penny, which was the standard coin in Western Europe from 794 to 1200 A.D. By the mid-13th century, the shilling and pound became widely used to describe larger amounts of pennies. As the value of currency has changed over the years, the creation of larger forms of currency has been an important part of the history of money. First Paper Money While the first paper money was created in China in 700 to 800 A.D., it would be a long time before paper currency was commonly used. According to Brittanica.com , the first country to use paper money was China, but it was only used until about 1455. The lighter weight of paper money allowed for international trade, which created both problems—distrust and currency wars—and opportunities—the ability to trade in new places for new goods. After China stopped using its paper money during the mid-15th century, coins once again became the most popular form of money in the country and in the world. Bills of Exchange Eventually, bills of exchange became a common part of the world economy. A bill of exchange is essentially a written order that one person or group will pay a specified amount of money on demand. A bill of exchange can be used to settle an account in international trade, which was one of the early uses of this order. Currency Wars The creation of paper money would eventually lead to currency wars, which occur when leaders of different nations attempt to devalue their own currency. In turn, this increases demand and helps stimulate their economy. While this still occurs in today’s foreign exchange market, the signature of a currency war is the fact that several nations are involved in the devaluing of other nations’ currencies. However, currency wars can have negative consequences for the countries involved, including currency volatility. The Introduction of Banks The first banks were started by the Roman Empire around 1800 B.C. These banks offered loans and accepted deposits from individuals, but would later disappear with the collapse of the empire. By the turn of the 19th century, banks had become respectable organizations within communities and learned the concept of fractional reserve banking. Since individuals didn’t all withdraw all their money at once, banks learned that they could loan more money than they actually had, which was a huge step in the history of money. The first bank in the U.S., The Bank of the United States, was established in 1791. The Gold Standard In 1816, gold was made the standard of value in the country of England. What this means is that each banknote represented a certain amount of gold, so only a limited number of banknotes can be printed. This gave previously unbacked currency some semblance of value and stability. By 1900, the United States had followed suit with the Gold Standard Act. While this would lead to the U.S. establishing the central bank that plays an important role in the economy today, the Gold Standard ended in the 1930s due to the Depression and the devaluation of gold. Modern Day Money Now that you have a better understanding of the history of currency, let’s take a look at how it’s used today. Today, money has taken the form of everything from the U.S. dollar to cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. Thanks to the creation of modern-day money, buying, selling, and trading is easier than it’s ever been. Credit Cards & Debit Cards When it comes to convenience, credit cards and debit cards are popular choices. A debit card is loaded with a set amount of money from your bank account, with money being removed from your account after each purchase you make. Credit cards are a little different in the sense that they don’t carry a balance that you have to put in. Instead, lenders can choose a credit limit to set on your card, allowing you to spend up to a certain amount before you have to start paying it back to continue using your card. Credit cards were first issued to consumers in the 1920s and have grown in popularity ever since. In 2020, credit cards were the most commonly used payment method in the U.S. Online Payments Money used to be exchanged physically, whether people paid with coins or paper money. However, with the Internet boom and growth of eCommerce, online payments have increasingly become more convenient. Today, online payments are one of the most popular ways to pay for goods and services. With online payments, you can simply enter a credit or debit card number on a website and pay for the goods you want. Online payments can also be made using a bank account number and routing number, but that process can take several days. When you make online payments through a debit or credit card, your card is typically charged right away. Digital Currency In the 90s, digital currency tried and failed to get off the ground, but in the 2000s things have changed, allowing it to grow in popularity and in widespread use. In fact, digital currencies such as cryptocurrency and virtual currency play an important role in the economy today. These currencies have a value assigned to them just like any other type of money, with billions of dollars in digital money being transferred all the time. Bitcoin was one of the first and biggest forms of digital currency, but virtual currencies and other crypto options are starting to become more popular as well. The Impact of Money throughout History Money is one of the most important parts of human history, leading to some of the biggest and most vital moments for many nations. The invention of currency allowed people to trade goods and services without having to barter to find an appropriate price. Paper currency allowed for international trade thanks to its light weight and relatively small size. Digital currency allows individuals to invest in potentially growing currencies and spend money in a way that’s more convenient. Since money was first invented, it’s had an immense impact on how trade is done throughout the world and how we live today. Not only have wars been fought over money, but some of the most important advancements we’ve made in human history wouldn’t be possible without it. How Can I Manage My Money? Knowing about the history of money and how money impacts your life is important, but understanding how to manage your money is even more crucial. Throughout the history of money, finding ways to save, invest, and spend smartly has been a key to financial success. If you want to manage your money better, focus on getting out of debt and staying out of debt in the future. You can use apps to track your spending and make a plan to pay off debt, and you can invest in crypto or other digital currencies for a slight boost in income. If you need help managing your money and making smarter decisions, the Mint app makes it easy to track your spending and oversee your finances in one simple place. money Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Money is a commodity accepted by general consent as a medium of economic exchange. It is the medium in which prices and values are expressed. It circulates from person to person and country to country, facilitating trade, and it is the principal measure of wealth. The first use of paper money occurred in China more than 1,000 years ago. By the late 18th and early 19th centuries, paper money and banknotes had spread to many other parts of the world. The use of metal for money can be traced back to Babylon, prior to 2000 BCE. Standardization and certification in the form of coinage did not occur except perhaps in isolated instances until the 7th century BCE. Historians generally ascribe the first use of coined money to Croesus, king of Lydia, a state in Anatolia. The U.S. dollar is the most widely used currency in international trade, even in trade between countries other than the United States. It is the unit in which countries often express their exchange rate. Countries maintain their “official” exchange rates by buying and selling U.S. dollars and hold dollars as their primary reserve currency. Read a brief summary of this topic money, a commodity accepted by general consent as a medium of economic exchange. It is the medium in which prices and values are expressed; as currency, it circulates anonymously from person to person and country to country, thus facilitating trade, and it is the principal measure of wealth. The subject of money has fascinated people from the time of Aristotle to the present day. The piece of paper labeled 1 dollar, 10 euros, 100 yuan, or 1,000 yen is little different, as paper, from a piece of the same size torn from a newspaper or magazine, yet it will enable its bearer to command some measure of food, drink, clothing, and the remaining goods of life while the other is fit only to light the fire. Whence the difference? The easy answer, and the right one, is that modern money is a social contrivance. People accept money as such because they know that others will. This common knowledge makes the pieces of paper valuable because everyone thinks they are, and everyone thinks they are because in his or her experience money has always been accepted in exchange for valuable goods, assets, or services. At bottom money is, then, a social convention, but a convention of uncommon strength that people will abide by even under extreme provocation. The strength of the convention is, of course, what enables governments to profit by inflating (increasing the quantity of) the currency. But it is not indestructible. When great increases occur in the quantity of these pieces of paper—as they have during and after wars—money may be seen to be, after all, no more than pieces of paper. If the social arrangement that sustains money as a medium of exchange breaks down, people will then seek substitutes—like the cigarettes and cognac that for a time served as the medium of exchange in Germany after World War II. New money may substitute for old under less extreme conditions. In many countries with a history of high inflation, such as Argentina, Israel, or Russia, prices may be quoted in a different currency, such as the U.S. dollar, because the dollar has more stable value than the local currency. Furthermore, the country’s residents accept the dollar as a medium of exchange because it is well-known and offers more stable purchasing power than local money. Functions of money The basic function of money is to enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so-called double coincidence of barter. In principle, credit could perform this function, but, before extending credit, the seller would want to know about the prospects of repayment. That requires much more information about the buyer and imposes costs of information and verification that the use of money avoids. If a person has something to sell and wants something else in return, the use of money avoids the need to search for someone able and willing to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sell the surplus item for general purchasing power—that is, “money”—to anyone who wants to buy it and then use the proceeds to buy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it. The importance of this function of money is dramatically illustrated by the experience of Germany just after World War II, when paper money was rendered largely useless because of price controls that were enforced effectively by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. Money rapidly lost its value. People were unwilling to exchange real goods for Germany’s depreciating currency. They resorted to barter or to other inefficient money substitutes (such as cigarettes). Price controls reduced incentives to produce. The country’s economic output fell by half. Later the German “economic miracle” that took root just after 1948 reflected, in part, a currency reform instituted by the occupation authorities that replaced depreciating money with money of stable value. At the same time, the reform eliminated all price controls, thereby permitting a money economy to replace a barter economy. These examples have shown the “medium of exchange” function of money. Separation of the act of sale from the act of purchase requires the existence of something that will be generally accepted in payment. But there must also be something that can serve as a temporary store of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceeds in the interim between the sale and the subsequent purchase or from which the buyer can extract the general purchasing power with which to pay for what is bought. This is called the “ asset” function of money. Varieties of money Anything can serve as money that habit or social convention and successful experience endow with the quality of general acceptability, and a variety of items have so served—from the wampum (beads made from shells) of American Indians, to cowries (brightly coloured shells) in India, to whales’ teeth among the Fijians, to tobacco among early colonists in North America, to large stone disks on the Pacific island of Yap, to cigarettes in post-World War II Germany and in prisons the world over. In fact, the wide use of cattle as money in primitive times survives in the word pecuniary, which comes from the Latin pecus, meaning cattle. The development of money has been marked by repeated innovations in the objects used as money. Данный перевод песни на русском языке является художественным, т.е. перевод недословный. Чтобы узнать дословный перевод песни, можете наводить мышкой на английские слова. Money Money makes the world go around, the world go around, the world go around, Money makes the world go around, it makes the world go round. A mark, a yen, a buck or a pound, а buck or a pound, a buck or a pound, Is all that makes the world go around, that clinking clanking sound, Can make the world go round. If you happen to be rich, and you feel like a night’s entertainment, You can pay for a gay escapade. If you happen to be rich, and alone and you need a companion, You can ring ting-a-ling for the maid. If you happen to be rich and you find you are left by your lover, Though you moan and you groan quite a lot, You can take it on the chin, call a cab and begin to recover on your fourteen carat yacht. Money makes the world go around, the world go around, the world go around, Money makes the world go around, of that we both are sure. On being poor. When you haven’t any coal in the stove and you freeze in the winter And you curse to the wind at your fate. When you haven’t any shoes on your feet and your coat’s thin as paper And you look thirty pounds underweight, When you go to get a word of advice from the fat little pastor, he will tell you to love evermore. But when hunger comes to rap, rat-a-tat, rat-a-tat, at the window (Who’s there? hunger oh, hunger!) See how love flies out the door. For money makes the world go around, the clinking, clanking sound of Money, money, money, money, Money, money, money, money, Get a little, get a little, Money, money, money, money, Mark, a yen, a buck or a pound, That clinking, clanking, clunking sound is all that makes the world go round, It makes the world go round. Деньги Деньги заставляют мир вертеться, Мир вертеться, мир вертеться. Деньги заставляют мир вертеться, Они заставляют мир вертеться. Марка, йена, доллар или фунт, Доллар или фунт, доллар или фунт — Все, что заcтавляет мир вертеться, Этот звенящий металлический звук Может заставить мир вертеться. Если так случилось — ты богат И хочешь ночью развлечься, Ты можешь заплатить за дикую выходку. Если так случилось — ты богат, Но один и хочешь компанию, Ты лишь звякни — будет девица. Если так случилось — ты богат, Но твоя любовь ушла от тебя, Хоть ты и стонешь, и охаешь, Ты все равно держишься бодро, Вызываешь такси и начинаешь Приходить в себя на своей яхте в 14 каратов. Деньги заставляют мир вертеться, Мир вертеться, мир вертеться. Деньги заставляют мир вертеться, В этом-то мы оба уверены, Будучи сами бедными. Когда в твоей печке нету угля, И зимой ты мерзнешь, И ты проклинаешь свою судьбу. Когда на ногах нет ботинок, А пальто словно из бумаги, И у тебя не хватает 30 фунтов веса. Когда ты идешь получить совет От маленького толстого святого отца, Он скажет тебе: «Полюби ближнего своего». Но когда голод подкрадывается, Чтобы постучать в окно (Кто там? Голод, о голод) Смотри как любовь вылетает из дверей. Презентация на тему: The world of money The world of money The history of money The idea of money is one of the most fascinating ever developed by man. Thousands of years ago money was not used, the «barter» system existed. People exchanged goods with each other. Then such things as beads, shells, salt, skins and even cattle came to be used as money. But they were not easy to store and carry about. The history of money The history of money Coins were first used in China. In ancient times they were made of either gold or silver. Later people began to use coins made of cheaper metals. The coins are worth the amount stamped on them and it is backed by the government and banks. People also started to use paper money. The history of money The history of money Today we pay with coins, paper money, cheques, credit cards or traveller’s cheques.In other words we pay cash, by check or by card. What makes money valuable? There are 4 main things that money does for you. First, it makes possible exchange and trade. Second, it is used to measure and compare the values of various things. Third, money is a «storehouse of value». Fourth, it serves as a «standard for future payments». Do you get pocket money? How much a week? What for? for lunch for bus fares for entertaining(cafes,cinema,presents,clubs) to pay for private lessons Do you get pocket money? Do you earn money yourself? Why? to feel independent not to depend on your parents’ purse to be treated like a child What kind of work can teenagers do? to have a part-time job, a job which doesn’t need any special qualifications to wash cars, baby-sit, deliver mail, sell newspapers or cosmetics, give out ads etc. Do you earn money yourself? Are you economical or do you tend to waste a lot of money? Whatever I get tends to disappear pretty quickly. I spend money like water( like there is no tomorrow). I spend money according to my budget. Not that I am greedy, but I try to economize. Do you save money? What for? Are you economical or not? Are you aware of your family general household expenses? Do your parents discuss with you what outgoings should be covered a month? What does your family spend money on? buy food, clothes, domestic appliances pay the bills save/stock money for travelling/building a house/buying a car Are you aware of your family expenses? The modern world is unthinkable without banks Have your parents set up a bank account for you? How often do they deposit money into it? When are you going to withdraw it from the bank? What for? for my further education, etc. Are you for or against borrowing money from banks? lend/loan you money, ask for guarantees check your credit, charge some money for their services We can’t imagine our life without money nowadays «Восхождение денег: финансовая история мира» Оригинальное название: The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World Год: 2008 Рейтинг IMDB: 8.0 Страна: США, Великобритания Жанр: документальный, драма Формат: сериал, шесть серий Длительность: 47 минут (одна серия) Награда: премия «Эмми» 2009 года в категории «Лучший документальный фильм» Режиссёр: Адриан Пенник В ролях: Нил Фергюсон — рассказчик Рональд Рейган — 40-й президент США Эрнандо де Сота — перуанский экономист и общественный деятель Кармен Веласко — активист, руководитель микрофинансовой организации Pro Mujer «Восхождение денег» — это личный проект преподавателя Гарвардского университета Нила Фергюсона. Серия документальных фильмов снята по мотивам одной из его нашумевших книг с аналогичным названием. Дипломированный экономист и доктор философии пытается визуализировать свои мысли о развитии мировой экономики в широкой ретроспективе. В общеобразовательных кругах его точка зрения носит достаточно спорный характер и принимается лишь частью научного сообщества. В шести сериях Нил Фергюсон рассказывает об основных векторах развития, которые сегодня характерны для различных отраслей экономики. При этом отдельного упоминания стоят те, кого автор выбирает для интервью. В большинстве своём это не маститые политики или финансисты, а обычные люди: активисты, экономисты, простые рабочие и т.д. Лица, занимающие руководящие должности, проходят здесь фоном в виде кинохроники тех лет. Такой подход помогает зрителю понять суть проблемы в максимально реалистичном разрешении, а не в виде отвлечённых столбиков цифр и графиков. Документальный сериал носит ознакомительный характер без углубления в экономическую специфику. Он будет полезен как специалистам, так и всем тем, кто интересуется историей развития рыночных отношений. Цитаты из сериала «Восхождение денег: финансовая история мира» Добро пожаловать в мир денег. Бабло, бабки, лаве, капуста — называйте их как угодно, но именно деньги могут сделать вас счастливыми или сломать. Так, например, за последние несколько лет они не принесли добра нескольким известным личностям с Уолл-стрит и из лондонского Сити. Это только один из множества интересных фильмов про мир финансов. Хотите больше — обязательно подписывайтесь на нашу рассылку. Новые рецензии выходят каждую неделю! Еженедельная рассылка с лучшими материалами «Открытого журнала» Без минимальной суммы, платы за обслуживание и скрытых комиссий Для оформления продукта необходим брокерский счёт проект «Открытие Инвестиции» Открыть брокерский счёт Тренировка на учебном счёте Об «Открытие Инвестиции» Москва, ул. Летниковская, д. 2, стр. 4 8 800 500 99 66 Согласие на обработку персональных данных Размещённые в настоящем разделе сайта публикации носят исключительно ознакомительный характер, представленная в них информация не является гарантией и/или обещанием эффективности деятельности (доходности вложений) в будущем. Информация в статьях выражает лишь мнение автора (коллектива авторов) по тому или иному вопросу и не может рассматриваться как прямое руководство к действию или как официальная позиция/рекомендация АО «Открытие Брокер». АО «Открытие Брокер» не несёт ответственности за использование информации, содержащейся в публикациях, а также за возможные убытки от любых сделок с активами, совершённых на основании данных, содержащихся в публикациях. 18+ АО «Открытие Брокер» (бренд «Открытие Инвестиции»), лицензия профессионального участника рынка ценных бумаг на осуществление брокерской деятельности № 045-06097-100000, выдана ФКЦБ России 28.06.2002 г. (без ограничения срока действия). ООО УК «ОТКРЫТИЕ». Лицензия № 21-000-1-00048 от 11 апреля 2001 г. на осуществление деятельности по управлению инвестиционными фондами, паевыми инвестиционными фондами и негосударственными пенсионными фондами, выданная ФКЦБ России, без ограничения срока действия. Лицензия профессионального участника рынка ценных бумаг №045-07524-001000 от 23 марта 2004 г. на осуществление деятельности по управлению ценными бумагами, выданная ФКЦБ России, без ограничения срока действия. How Much Money Is There In The World? The short answer for how much money is there in the world: Money in circulation in the world is around US$ 36.8 trillion. This includes all of the physical currency and money deposited in savings and current accounts. This figure represents only ‘narrow money’. Money is the medium of trade for goods and services. This doesn’t actually make the world go around, but countries’ economies depend on the exchange of money for goods and services. Money supply data is typically collected and released by the government or the country’s central bank. As it is present in various forms (virtual and physical) in different currencies, it is exceedingly difficult to determine how much money is there in the world exactly. Here in this article, you will read how much money is in circulation in the world in detail. Table of Contents Different Types of Money Usually, various forms of money are known as “M”s. They range from M0 (narrowest) to M3 (broadest), depending on the policy formulation of the central bank of the country. M0: All circulating physical money currency including coins, notes, and bills is referred to as M0 money. M1: M1 Includes all M0 money supply currencies, plus all money held in demand deposits, traveler’s checks, other checkable deposits, and negotiable withdrawal orders. M1 money essentially contains currency and properties which can be converted rapidly into cash. M2: Includes all M1, plus deposit savings, mutual funds, money market securities, and other time deposits. These assets are typically used as a medium of trade and are less liquid than M1. M3: Is M2 plus large deposit certificates, institutional money market funds, and short-term repurchase contracts. These assets are less liquid than other money-supply elements. Since 2006, the Federal Reserve System hasn’t tracked M3 money because all valuable economic activity information is already available in the M2 money supply. Knowing the difference between different types of money is important to know how much money is in the world. How Much Money is there in the World? Determining how much money is in the world can be difficult due to various factors. The meaning of the term “money” itself differs as the parameters used to measure it can differ. One may define money by focusing on such metrics as gold and other properties, while others may classify money by bitcoins and notes. In addition, the central banks of different countries establish abstractions that can be difficult to assess their values. As of 31 January 2019, money in circulation was approximately US$ 1.7 trillion including notes, coins, and currencies no longer issued by the Federal Reserve. Around US$ 36.8 trillion is circulation money in the world. This includes all of the physical currency and money deposited in savings and checking accounts. This figure represents only ‘narrow money’. If you add the ‘broad money,’ however, the sum goes up to more than $90.4 trillion. This amount increases further when including bitcoins and other cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrencies Money The capitalization of the Top-5 global cryptocurrencies is: Who decides how much money is in the world? The central bank of each country is the primary controller of the money supply. Central banks can change the proportion of deposits that commercial banks must hold on reserve. They may also inject cash into the market and change the interest rate at which they lend money to commercial banks. Higher interest rates discourage people from borrowing, and as a result, they spend less. Richest Countries in the World Through looking at the GDP per capita or gross domestic product per capita of each country across the globe, countries can be ranked on the basis of income and then compared with each other. From there, you can decide which countries are the wealthiest, and then list the countries in downward order, from the wealthiest to the poorest. The following is the list of the top 10 wealthiest countries based on GDP per capita: The richest countries HowMuch.net has shared amazing infographics with data on the richest countries in the world for 2019. Top 10 richest countries in the world in 2019: How much do people earn? The following are the richest men in the world: How much money is in the world per person? Future of money Today, transactions are becoming more digital, thereby reducing the use of physical money. The use of mobile phones and computers to move money has also reduced the amount of physical money in circulation. It remains to be seen, therefore, whether the central banks of the various countries in the world will pursue a means of regulating the digital currency. Besides, bitcoins and cryptocurrencies give central banks second thoughts about going digital. The Bottom Line Now you know that the answer to the question ‘How much money is there in the world?’ depends on what exactly you count. Cash is being gradually replaced by electronic money, and people seek alternatives to regular term deposits. Instead, they start investing in cryptocurrencies, try Forex and stock trading, and trust payment systems. The world economy is changing rapidly, just like the amount of money in circulation. 100 Лучших фильмов про инвестиции, финансы и предприимчивость Здравствуйте, уважаемые читатели проекта Тюлягин! Сегодня мы с вами погорим об лучших фильмах и сериалах об инвестициях и финансах. Я приведу вам сразу несколько списков. В статье вы найдете списки художественных и документальных фильмов, а также сериалов об инвесторах, финансистах, предпринимателях, спекулянтах и трейдерах. Всего в статье более 100 фильмов на данную тематику, эта одна из самых полных подборок, которая доступна в интернете. Содержание статьи: Топ 10 художественных фильмов для инвесторов и финансистов Сериалы про инвестиции и финансы Лучшие документальные фильмы про инвестиции и мировые финансы 100 + фильмов, которые должен посмотреть каждый трейдер, инвестор и предприниматель Ниже я представляю вашему вниманию наиболее полный список художественных фильмов, документальных фильмов и сериалов о инвесторах, банкирах и финансистах, о трейдерах и спекулянтах, об аферистах и криминальных личностях, так или иначе связанных с финансами и инвестициями. Некоторые фильмы не связаны напрямую с инвестициями и торговлей на фондовом рынке, однако, содержат схожие психологические модели поведения и описывают психологию людей. 6.4 Your Score 6.4 Навание Оригинальное название Рейтинг Жанр Год выпуска Люди, построившие Америку The Men Who Built America 8.577 сериал, документальный 2012 Хозяева денег The Money Masters 8.282 документальный 1996 В погоне за счастьем The Pursuit of Happyness 8.248 драма, биография 2006 Миллиарды Billions 8.166 сериал, драма 2016 Казино Casino 8.125 драма, криминал 1995 Белый воротничок White Collar 8.084 сериал, детектив 2009 Все о деньгах. Мечты алчности The Ascent of Money. Dreams of avarice 8 документальный 2008 Восхождение денег: финансовая история мира The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World 8 документальный 2008 Область тьмы Limitless 7.981 фантастика, триллер 2011 Тинейджер на миллиард Top Secret: Wai roon pun lan 7.923 драма, биография 2011 Волк с Уолл-стрит The Wolf of Wall Street 7.859 драма, криминал 2013 Нефть There Will Be Blood 7.782 драма 2007 Дух времени Zeitgeist 7.749 документальный 2007 Социальная сеть The Social Network 7.727 драма, биография 2010 Двадцать одно 21 7.713 триллер, драма 2008 Схватка Damages 7.712 сериал, триллер 2007 Поменяться местами Trading Places 7.686 комедия 1983 Инсайдеры Inside Job 7.675 документальный 2010 Воины с Уолл-стрит Wall Street Warriors 7.659 сериал, документальный 2006 Торговцы Traders 8.3 сериал, драма 1996 Хороший год A Good Year 7.655 драма, мелодрама 2006 Уолл-стрит Wall Street 7.639 драма, криминал 1987 Опасная игра Слоун Miss Sloane 7.633 триллер, драма 2016 Авиатор The Aviator 7.589 драма, биография 2004 Пираты силиконовой долины Pirates of Silicon Valley 7.535 драма, биография 1999 Капитализм: История любви Capitalism: A Love Story 7.522 документальный 2009 Пи Pi 7.521 ужасы, фантастика 1997 Стать Уорреном Баффеттом Becoming Warren Buffett 7.505 документальный 2017 Спекулянт The Food Speculator 7.5 документальный 2011 Джерри Магуайер Jerry Maguire 7.481 драма, мелодрама 1996 Гленгарри Глен Росс (Американцы) Glengarry Glen Ross 7.449 драма, криминал 1992 Деньги за бесценок Money for Nothing: Inside the Federal Reserve 7.4 документальный 2013 Трейдеры на миллион Million Dollar Traders 7.4 документальный, реалити-шоу 2009 Клиент 9: Взлёт и падение Элиота Спицера Client 9: The Rise and Fall of Eliot Spitzer 7.4 документальный 2010 Игры Мейдоффа Madoff hustle 7.4 документальный 2009 Здесь Курят Thank You for Smoking 7.321 драма, комедия 2005 Такер: человек и его мечта Tucker: The Man and His Dream 7.317 драма, биография 1988 Деловая Женщина Working Girl 7.288 драма, мелодрама 1988 Игра на понижение The Big Short 7.276 драма, комедия 2015 Подслушанное Sit ting fung wan 7.245 триллер, криминал 2009 Компаньон The Associate 7.226 комедия 1996 Революционная OS Revolution OS 7.209 документальный 2001 Варвары у ворот Barbarians at the Gate 7.2 драма, комедия 1993 Уоррен Баффетт: производство денег The World’s Greatest Money Maker: Evan Davis meets Warren Buffett 7.2 документальный 2009 Банкир: Повелитель вселенной Der Banker: Master of the Universe 7.2 документальный 2013 Багси Bugsy 7.164 драма, криминал 1991 Бухгалтер The Accountant 7.132 короткометражка 2001 По ком звонит маржин-колл For Whom the Bell Tolls 7.129 драма, мелодрама 1943 Американский психопат American Psycho 7.123 драма, криминал 2000 Трейдер Trader 7.1 документальный 1987 Кванты: Алхимики с Уолл Стрит Quants: de alchemisten van Wall Street 7.1 документальный 2010 Власть рейтинговых агентств De macht van de rating agencies 7.1 документальный 2012 Слишком крут для неудачи Too Big to Fail 7.095 драма, биография 2011 Женщины с 6-го этажа Les femmes du 6e étage 7.095 комедия 2010 Бойлерная Boiler Room 7.074 триллер, драма 2000 Бернард и Дорис Bernard and Doris 7.044 драма, мелодрама 2006 Мечта кассандры Cassandra’s Dream 7.012 триллер, драма 2007 Стартап.ком Startup.com 7 документальный 2001 Гавань Haven 6.948 драма, криминал 2004 Посредники Middle Men 6.929 драма, комедия 2009 Золото Gold 6.887 триллер, драма 2016 Пираммида 6.834 триллер, драма 2011 Уолл-стрит: Деньги не спят Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps 6.809 драма, мелодрама 2010 Аферист Rogue Trader 6.787 триллер, драма 1999 Чужие деньги Other People’s Money 6.773 драма, мелодрама 1991 Подслушанное 2 Sit ting fung wan 2 6.734 боевик, триллер 2011 Брокер Quicksilver 6.725 триллер, драма 1985 Предел риска Margin Call 6.681 триллер, драма 2011 Джой Joy 6.68 драма, биография 2015 Стив Джобс Steve Jobs 6.666 драма, биография 2015 В компании мужчин The Company Men 6.664 драма 2010 Духless 6.635 драма 2011 Охотник с Уолл-стрит A Family Man 6.598 драма 2016 Финансовый монстр Money Monster 6.571 триллер, драма 2016 Порочная страсть Arbitrage 6.566 триллер, драма 2012 Нападение на Уолл-стрит Bailout: The Age of Greed 6.54 боевик, триллер 2013 Enron: Самые смышленые парни в этой комнате 6.527 документальный 2005 Представь себе Imagine That 6.519 фэнтези, драма 2008 Моя часть пирога Ma part du gâteau 6.517 драма, комедия 2011 Капитал Le capital 6.516 драма 2012 Акции Ротшильда под Ватерлоо Die Rothschilds 6.5 драма, биография 1940 Жизнь без принципов Dyut meng gam 6.424 драма, криминал 2011 Банк The Bank 6.41 триллер, драма 2001 Лжец, Великий и Ужасный The Wizard of Lies 6.358 драма, криминал 2017 Костер тщеславий The Bonfire of the Vanities 6.357 драма, мелодрама 1990 Тюльпанная лихорадка Tulip Fever 6.349 драма, мелодрама 2017 Прачечная The Laundromat 6.342 драма, биография 2019 Дельцы Dealers 6.209 драма 1989 Трейдеры Traders 6.2 триллер, драма 2015 В биржевой яме Floored 6.2 документальный 2009 Игрок The Gambler 6.162 триллер, драма 2015 Тюремная биржа Buy & Cell 6.143 комедия, криминал 1988 Справедливость или хаос L’enquête 6.107 триллер 2014 Сахар Le sucre 6.03 триллер, драма 1978 Банкротство Krach 5.927 боевик, триллер 2010 Игрок 5150 Player 5150 5.838 боевик, драма 2008 Афера века The Crooked E: The Unshredded Truth About Enron 5.824 драма 2003 Сделка The Deal 5.713 триллер, драма 2004 Перекачивание капитала Rollover 5.649 триллер, драма 1981 Стартап 5.296 биография, драма 2014 Медвежья охота 5.243 боевик, триллер 2007 Делайте ваши ставки! Over/Under 5.08 драма 2013 Поднять максимальные ставки Limit Up 5 фэнтези, комедия 1989 Чувство справедливости Equity 4.926 драма 2016 Космополис Cosmopolis 4.733 триллер, драма 2012 Женщина с Уолл-стрит High Finance Woman 4.6 драма, мелодрама 1990 Оборотни с Уолл-Стрит Wolves of Wall Street 2.877 ужасы, боевик 2002 А на этом сегодня все про лучшие фильмы об инвестициях, финансах и бизнесе. Надеюсь вам они понравятся. Делитесь статьей с друзьями и добавляйте в закладки чтобы не потерять списки фильмов. Приятного просмотра, друзья, и до новых встреч на страницах проекта Тюлягин! О деньгах на английском языке (B1-B2 English) В этом видео мы говорим о деньгах (money) на английском языке. Текст к диалогу доступен по ссылке выше в формате PDF. Подписывайтесь на наши подкасты и слушайте аудиоверсии всех выпусков на Yandex Music и iTunes. Будем благодарны вам за лайки и комментарии. Подписывайтесь на наш канал! Как работать с диалогом? О деньгах на английском языке (1) How important is money to you? — Насколько важны для вас деньги? I would love to say that money is not important to me, but it would be a lie. In our world it’s extremely important. (2) Is money really the root of all evil? — Деньги действительно корень всего зла? (3) Can money buy happiness? — Можно ли купить счастье за ​​деньги? No, money can’t buy happiness. You might have a lot of money and be absolutely unhappy at the same time. But money makes our life better. That’s for sure. (4) How often do you worry about money? — Как часто вы переживаете на счет денег? Every time I don’t have enough money. Sometimes it happens of course. (5) What’s the largest amount of money you’ve ever had in your wallet/purse? — Какая самая большая сумма денег у вас когда-либо была в вашем кошельке. I don’t really know. Not much. (6) Does having a lot of money make someone more attractive? — Делают ли большие деньги кого-то более привлекательным? I think it doesn’t. More important is what a person is like. (7) Have you ever lost a lot of money? — Вы когда-нибудь теряли много денег? No I haven’t. I hope I will never lose a lot of money. (8) How much pocket money should a 13-year-old get? — Сколько карманных денег должен получать 13-летний подросток? Not much. Otherwise kids get spoiled. It’s not good. (9) Do you ever run out of money? — У вас когда-нибудь заканчивались деньги? I always try to control my budget. So no, I never run out of money. (1) What comes into your head when you hear the word «money»? — Что приходит вам в голову, когда вы слышите слово «деньги»? A lot of different things. Money is something we can’t survive without. (2) How important is money? — На сколько важны деньги. It’s important. I can’t say that it’s the most important thing in our life, but anyway. (3) How attractive are people with lots of money? — Насколько привлекательны люди с большим количеством денег? I don’t think that money makes people attractive. People are different. Some of them are good, some of them are bad. No matter how much money they have. (4) What would life be like without money? — Какой была бы жизнь без денег? People would be more or less equal in their living standards I think. (5) How often do you think about money? — Как часто вы думаете о деньгах? I don’t know. Maybe every time I need to buy something. (6) What does the expression, «money doesn’t grow on trees» mean? — Что означает выражение «деньги не растут на деревьях»? It means people have to work in order to earn money. It doesn’t grow on trees. (7) How would the world be different if all the money was shared out equally among all people? — Чем изменился бы мир, если бы все деньги делились поровну между всеми людьми? It’s a good question. I think the world would be more peaceful without any wars. There would be no rich people, but everyone in the World could have enough food and other most important things for living. (8) What’s the best way of making a lot of money? — Как лучше всего заработать много денег? To own a factory or something. I don’t think that it’s the most important thing in life. If someone earns a lot, there is another one who is starving. So there should be a balance, but it’s easier said than done. Rich people will never share their money with others. (9) Have you ever raised money for charity? — Вы когда-нибудь собирали деньги на благотворительность? No I haven’t. From my point of view it’s the responsibility of the government. If there are too many charity organisations in the country, it’s a bad sign. It means that the government is not good enough. Выражения, связанные с деньгами. So you can’t use this money because of the conditions of the deposit contract. (Итак, Вы не можете использовать эти деньги из-за условий договора депозита.) But you have an opportunity to withdraw your money very soon because the contract is ending next month. (Но у Вас есть возможность снять свои деньги очень скоро, потому что в следующем месяце время контракта заканчивается.) Then you can even transfer your money if you would like to do it. (Тогда Вы даже сможете сделать денежные переводы, если захотите.) But during this crisis it will be a good idea to save some money. (Но во время этого кризиса будет неплохой идеей хранить кое-какие деньги.) Otherwise very soon you will have to borrow some money. (В противном случае, очень скоро Вам придется занимать деньги.) And I think it’s obvious nobody wants to lend money in these hard times. (И я думаю, что это очевидно, что никто не хочет давать в долг в эти трудные времена.) Cause it’s hard for both sides who gives money, and who owes it. (Потому что это трудно для обеих сторон кто занимает деньги, и кто их должен.) Anyway I advise you to spend money very carefully. (Во всяком случае, я Вам советую очень аккуратно тратить деньги.) And in no case don’t waste it. (И ни в коем случае не трать деньги впустую.) I know you have some plans to invent money in business, but wait a little yet. (Я знаю, у тебя есть кое-какие планы инвестирования денег в бизнес, но пока подожди чуть-чуть.) You became a loaded man with your forces. (Вы стали богатым человеком благодаря своим же усилиям.) Don Pedro, you made a killing. (Дон Педро, вы заработали состояние.) When you were a little boy your family made ends meet. (Когда Вы были маленьким мальчиком, Ваша семья едва сводила концы с концами.) These were hard times for you and your family because you lived hand to mouth. (Это были тяжелые времена для Вас и вашей семьи, потому что Ваша семья жила очень бедно.) I remember you were so happy when you first bought a TV. And it cost your family an arm and a leg but they bought it for your smile. (Я помню, Вы были так счастливы когда купили первый телевизор.Для Вашей семьи это были очень большие затраты, но они купили его для Вашей улыбки.) I have always admired you, Don Pedro because you never were penny pincher, even in difficult times. (Я всегда восхищался Вами Дон Педро, потому что Вы даже в самые тяжелые времена не были мелочным.) I’m sorry for this long speech, Don Pedro. I’m just putting in my two cents. (Я извиняюсь за эту длинную речь, Дон Педро. Я просто высказываю свое мнение.) You helped me when I was broke. (Вы помогли мне, когда я был разоренным.) You were so generous! The wine in your restaurant was always on the house for me. (Вы всегда были так щедры! Вино в Вашем ресторане всегда было бесплатным для меня.) I can always pay up all my money for you. (Я могу всегда выплачивать сполна для Вас.) It was so funny when we were arguing who would pick up the tab. (Это было так забавно, когда мы спорили кто будет платить за счет.) «Time is money», it was your favorite expression. («Время деньги» — это было Вашим любимым выражением.) «Lend money, lose a friend» was never about us! («Займешь деньги другу – потеряешь его» — это никогда не было про нас.) Do you think I said it on the money too? (Вы тоже считаете, что я точно сказал про это?) Yeas Don Pedro, money doesn’t grow on trees and a true friendship too. (Да, Дон Педро, деньги не растут на деревьях, и настоящая дружба тоже.) Money talks in this world but our friendship talks louder. (Деньги решают многое в этом мире, но наша дружба решала больше.) P.S. When Signor Marino knew about his best friend Don Pedro’s death he got crazy and talked with his spirit in this strange way all the time. (Когда Синьор Марино узнал о смерти своего лучшего друга – он сошел с ума и разговаривал с его духом таким странным образом.) World of Money Review: Convenient Video Lessons for Kids and Adults Bottom line: World of Money teaches important financial concepts in a matter of minutes. It offers video lessons on everything from the basics of saving and spending money to banking, renting an apartment, and investing. Full World of Money review At a glance iOS app rating 5/5 stars Android app rating 5/5 stars Cost Free What is World of Money and how does it work? World of Money offers video lessons on important financial topics. Lessons are divided by the age of the intended audience, and World of Money has content for the following groups: The non-profit organization behind the app also offers financial education classes for all ages. Video lessons in the app are taught by graduates of these classes who are close in age to the intended audience. For example, «Young Moguls» lessons will typically have a narrator between the ages of 7 and 9. That way, users can learn about personal finance from a peer. Financial lessons are tailored for the intended age group. The lessons for younger users cover more basic concepts, such as the difference between needs and wants. Lessons for older users are more advanced, as they explain budgeting, how credit cards work, and much more. Every World of Money lesson has a quiz at the end for users to test their knowledge. The app also offers flashcards. Top perks Video lessons on financial topics You can get a thorough financial education with World of Money’s video lessons. There are dozens of lessons available, and they cover just about all the major financial topics. The app includes info on the history of money, from the development of a monetary system to paper money. It also has plenty of lessons on modern finance. Here are examples of topics covered in World of Money modules: What’s nice about the lessons is that they don’t take very long. These are bite-sized videos, with most lasting about three-to-four minutes. You or your kids could improve your financial literacy by using World of Money for just five minutes per day. Content for ages seven and up Many financial literacy apps focus on a specific age group. If a user isn’t in that age group, then the content may be either too basic or too advanced. You won’t have that problem with World of Money. The app offers lessons for four different age groups, from children ages 7 to 9 to young adults ages 19 to 26. And adults of all ages could benefit from the most advanced lessons. The narrator of each video is a World of Money program graduate around the same age as the intended audience. That can make lessons feel more accessible, especially the ones aimed at younger users. Flashcards Although the video lessons are the main draw with World of Money, the app also offers flashcards for each age group. Each card offers a clue for one of the financial concepts covered in the module. In those moments when you can’t watch a video, flashcards provide another way to study. Free to use World of Money is 100% free. There’s no charge to download the app, and there’s no subscription fee. For anyone with a tight budget who wants to learn more about money, this app is a great choice. What could be improved Only offers lessons in videos If you’re not big on learning through videos, then World of Money probably isn’t right for you. Although it offers flashcards and quizzes, every lesson is taught using a video. Those who prefer learning by reading or through interactive content will have to look elsewhere. Quizzes don’t always load While testing the app, quizzes often didn’t load after a video lesson ended. Considering these are a key part of reinforcing what you just learned, it’s frustrating when quizzes aren’t available. Alternatives to consider If you want an app for managing allowances: FamZoo lets parents create their own virtual family bank where they send their allowances to their kids. The app also offers prepaid cards that parents can give to their kids and load with money. But it doesn’t offer financial lessons, so you should go with World of Money if that’s what you need. If you want an app with more variety to its financial lessons: Zogo is an app with modules that offer more ways to learn about money than just video lessons. It even rewards users who complete lessons with gift cards. You need to progress through a skills tree, though, and World of Money is better if you’d prefer to select lessons on specific financial topics. What are the costs? World of Money is a free financial literacy app. There are no costs to use it. You can download it, sign up, and use it every month without paying anything. This app is right for: Consumers who want to improve their financial knowledge through video lessons. Since there’s content for all ages, World of Money is also perfect for parents who want to give their kids a head start on learning about money. One of the biggest pluses of this app is how convenient it is. You won’t need to go through a complicated setup process or commit a certain amount of time every day. You’re free to jump in and out whenever you want. Lessons only take a few minutes, so it’s easy to add World of Money to your routine. About the Author Lyle Daly is a personal finance writer who specializes in credit cards, travel rewards programs, and banking. He writes for The Ascent and The Motley Fool, and his work has appeared in USA Today and Yahoo! Finance. He was born in California but currently lives as a digital nomad with a home base in Colombia. December 22, 2021 Graphics/Design: Sabrina Fortin Harrison Schell View the expanded version of this infographic to see all countries. View the expanded version of this infographic. Just four countries—the U.S., China, Japan, and Germany—make up over half of the world’s economic output by gross domestic product (GDP) in nominal terms. In fact, the GDP of the U.S. alone is greater than the combined GDP of 170 countries. How do the different economies of the world compare? In this visualization we look at GDP by country in 2021, using data and estimates from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). An Overview of GDP GDP serves as a broad indicator for a country’s economic output. It measures the total market value of final goods and services produced in a country in a specific timeframe, such as a quarter or year. In addition, GDP also takes into consideration the output of services provided by the government, such as money spent on defense, healthcare, or education. Generally speaking, when GDP is increasing in a country, it is a sign of greater economic activity that benefits workers and businesses (while the reverse is true for a decline). The World Economy: Top 50 Countries Who are the biggest contributors to the global economy? Here is the ranking of the 50 largest countries by GDP in 2021: Rank Country GDP ($T) % of Global GDP 1 🇺🇸 U.S. $22.9 24.4% 2 🇨🇳 China $16.9 17.9% 3 🇯🇵 Japan $5.1 5.4% 4 🇩🇪 Germany $4.2 4.5% 5 🇬🇧 UK $3.1 3.3% 6 🇮🇳 India $2.9 3.1% 7 🇫🇷 France $2.9 3.1% 8 🇮🇹 Italy $2.1 2.3% 9 🇨🇦 Canada $2.0 2.1% 10 🇰🇷 Korea $1.8 1.9% 11 🇷🇺 Russia $1.6 1.7% 12 🇧🇷 Brazil $1.6 1.7% 13 🇦🇺 Australia $1.6 1.7% 14 🇪🇸 Spain $1.4 1.5% 15 🇲🇽 Mexico $1.3 1.4% 16 🇮🇩 Indonesia $1.2 1.2% 17 🇮🇷 Iran $1.1 1.1% 18 🇳🇱 Netherlands $1.0 1.1% 19 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia $0.8 0.9% 20 🇨🇭 Switzerland $0.8 0.9% 21 🇹🇷 Turkey $0.8 0.8% 22 🇹🇼 Taiwan $0.8 0.8% 23 🇵🇱 Poland $0.7 0.7% 24 🇸🇪 Sweden $0.6 0.7% 25 🇧🇪 Belgium $0.6 0.6% 26 🇹🇭 Thailand $0.5 0.6% 27 🇮🇪 Ireland $0.5 0.5% 28 🇦🇹 Austria $0.5 0.5% 29 🇳🇬 Nigeria $0.5 0.5% 30 🇮🇱 Israel $0.5 0.5% 31 🇦🇷 Argentina $0.5 0.5% 32 🇳🇴 Norway $0.4 0.5% 33 🇿🇦 South Africa $0.4 0.4% 34 🇦🇪 UAE $0.4 0.4% 35 🇩🇰 Denmark $0.4 0.4% 36 🇪🇬 Egypt $0.4 0.4% 37 🇵🇭 Philippines $0.4 0.4% 38 🇸🇬 Singapore $0.4 0.4% 39 🇲🇾 Malaysia $0.4 0.4% 40 🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR $0.4 0.4% 41 🇻🇳 Vietnam $0.4 0.4% 42 🇧🇩 Bangladesh $0.4 0.4% 43 🇨🇱 Chile $0.3 0.4% 44 🇨🇴 Colombia $0.3 0.3% 45 🇫🇮 Finland $0.3 0.3% 46 🇷🇴 Romania $0.3 0.3% 47 🇨🇿 Czech Republic $0.3 0.3% 48 🇵🇹 Portugal $0.3 0.3% 49 🇵🇰 Pakistan $0.3* 0.3% 50 🇳🇿 New Zealand $0.2 0.3% *2020 GDP (latest available) used where IMF estimates for 2021 were unavailable. At $22.9 trillion, the U.S. GDP accounts for roughly 25% of the global economy, a share that has actually changed significantly over the last 60 years. The finance, insurance, and real estate ($4.7 trillion) industries add the most to the country’s economy, followed by professional and business services ($2.7 trillion) and government ($2.6 trillion). China’s economy is second in nominal terms, hovering at near $17 trillion in GDP. It remains the largest manufacturer worldwide based on output with extensive production of steel, electronics, and robotics, among others. The largest economy in Europe is Germany, which exports roughly 20% of the world’s motor vehicles. In 2019, overall trade equaled nearly 90% of the country’s GDP. The World Economy: 50 Smallest Countries On the other end of the spectrum are the world’s smallest economies by GDP, primarily developing and island nations. With a GDP of $70 million, Tuvalu is the smallest economy in the world. Situated between Hawaii and Australia, the largest industry of this volcanic archipelago relies on territorial fishing rights. In addition, the country earns significant revenue from its “.tv” web domain. Between 2011 and 2019, it earned $5 million annually from companies—including Amazon-owned Twitch to license the Twitch.tv domain name—equivalent to roughly 7% of the country’s GDP. Countries Region GDP (B) 🇹🇻 Tuvalu Oceania $0.07 🇳🇷 Nauru Oceania $0.1 🇵🇼 Palau Oceania $0.2 🇰🇮 Kiribati Oceania $0.2 🇲🇭 Marshall Islands Oceania $0.2 🇫🇲 Micronesia Oceania $0.4 🇨🇰 Cook Islands Oceania $0.4* 🇹🇴 Tonga Oceania $0.5 🇸🇹 São Tomé and Príncipe Africa $0.5 🇩🇲 Dominica Caribbean $0.6 🇻🇨 St. Vincent and the Grenadines Caribbean $0.8 🇼🇸 Samoa Oceania $0.8 🇰🇳 St. Kitts and Nevis Caribbean $1.0 🇻🇺 Vanuatu Oceania $1.0 🇬🇩 Grenada Caribbean $1.1 🇰🇲 Comoros Africa $1.3 🇸🇨 Seychelles Africa $1.3 🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda Caribbean $1.4 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau Africa $1.6 🇸🇧 Solomon Islands Oceania $1.7 🇹🇱 Timor-Leste Asia $1.7 🇱🇨 St. Lucia Caribbean $1.7 🇸🇲 San Marino Europe $1.7 🇨🇻 Cabo Verde Africa $1.9 🇧🇿 Belize Central America $1.9 🇬🇲 Gambia Africa $2.0 🇪🇷 Eritrea Africa $2.3 🇱🇸 Lesotho Africa $2.5 🇧🇹 Bhutan Asia $2.5 🇨🇫 Central African Republic Africa $2.6 🇸🇷 Suriname South America $2.8 🇦🇼 Aruba Caribbean $2.9 🇧🇮 Burundi Africa $3.2 🇦🇩 Andorra Europe $3.2 🇸🇸 South Sudan Africa $3.3 🇱🇷 Liberia Africa $3.4 🇩🇯 Djibouti Africa $3.7 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone Africa $4.4 🇸🇿 Eswatini Africa $4.5 🇲🇻 Maldives Asia $4.6 🇫🇯 Fiji Oceania $4.6 🇧🇧 Barbados Caribbean $4.7 🇸🇴 Somalia Africa $5.4 🇲🇪 Montenegro Europe $5.5 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein Europe $6.8* 🇬🇾 Guyana South America $7.4 🇲🇨 Monaco Europe $7.4* 🇹🇯 Tajikistan Asia $8.1 🇰🇬 Kyrgyz Republic Asia $8.2 🇹🇬 Togo Africa $8.5 *2019 GDP (latest available) used where IMF estimates for 2021 were unavailable. Like Tuvalu, many of the world’s smallest economies are in Oceania, including Nauru, Palau, and Kiribati. Additionally, several countries above rely on the tourism industry for over one-third of their employment. The Fastest Growing Economies in the World in 2021 With 123% projected GDP growth, Libya’s economy is estimated to have the sharpest rise. Oil is propelling its growth, with 1.2 million barrels being pumped in the country daily. Along with this, exports and a depressed currency are among the primary factors behind its recovery.
1	🇱🇾 Libya	Africa	123.2%
2	🇬🇾 Guyana	South America	20.4%
3	🇲🇴 Macao	Asia	20.4%
4	🇲🇻 Maldives	Asia	18.9%
5	🇮🇪 Ireland	Europe	13.0%
6	🇦🇼 Aruba	Caribbean	12.8%
7	🇵🇦 Panama	Central America	12.0%
8	🇨🇱 Chile	South America	11.0%
9	🇵🇪 Peru	South America	10.0%
10	🇩🇴 Dominican Republic	Caribbean	9.5%

Ireland’s economy, with a projected 13% real GDP growth, is being supported by the largest multinational corporations in the world. Facebook, TikTok, Google, Apple, and Pfizer all have their European headquarters in the country, which has a 12.5% corporate tax rate—or about half the global average. But these rates are set to change soon, as Ireland joined the OECD 15% minimum corporate tax rate agreement which was finalized in October 2021.

Macao’s economy bounced back after COVID-19 restrictions began to lift, but more storm clouds are on the horizon for the Chinese district. The CCP’s anti-corruption campaign and recent arrests could signal a more strained relationship between Mainland China and the world’s largest gambling hub.

Looking Ahead at the World’s GDP

Correction: In earlier versions of this graphic, countries such as Vietnam and Pakistan were inadvertently not included in the visualization. They have now been added. In cases where the IMF has no data for 2021 (specifically Pakistan, Syria, Afghanistan, and Lebanon), the latest available data is used.

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Technology

Visualized: The State of Central Bank Digital Currencies

Central bank digital currencies are coming, but progress varies greatly from country to country. View the infographic to learn more.

Visualized: The State of Central Bank Digital Currencies

Central banks around the world are getting involved in digital currencies, but some are further ahead than others.

In this map, we used data from the Atlantic Council’s Currency Tracker to visualize the state of each central banks’ digital currency effort.

Digital Currency – The Basics

Digital currencies have been around since the 1980s, but didn’t become widely popular until the launch of Bitcoin in 2009. Today, there are thousands of digital currencies in existence, also referred to as “cryptocurrencies”.

A defining feature of cryptocurrencies is that they are based on a blockchain ledger. Blockchains can be either decentralized or centralized, but the most known cryptocurrencies today (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.) tend to be decentralized in nature. This makes transfers and payments very difficult to trace because there is no single entity with full control.

Government-issued digital currencies, on the other hand, will be controlled by a central bank and are likely to be easily trackable. They would have the same value as the local cash currency, but instead issued digitally with no physical form.

Central Bank Digital Currencies Worldwide

105 countries are currently exploring centralized digital currencies. Together, they represent 95% of global GDP. The table below lists the data used in the infographic.

When aggregated, we can see that the majority of countries are in the research stage.

We’ve also divided the map by region to make viewing easier.

The Number Of Millionaires In The World Is Exploding

According to Credit Suisse, the global number of millionaires expanded by 5.2 million to reach 56.1 million in 2020. That’s a 9.8% increase in the number of millionaires since the pandemic began. In 2022, the number of millionaires in the world is likely closer to 60 million given how strong stocks, real estate, and other investments have performed recently.

When it comes to wealth, everything is relative. Therefore, let’s take a closer look at the millionaire data by country.

Change In The Number Of Millionaires By Country

To no surprise, the United States has the highest number of millionaires in the world at roughly 22 million millionaires. Not only do we have the most millionaires in the world, but we also saw the largest change ever in the number of millionaires in 2020, an increase of 1.73 million.

22 million millionaires in the United States out of a population of 332 million is 6.6%. Then if you drill down into the cities, places like San Jose, Bridgeport, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Napa, Boston, Princeton, Thousand Oaks, and Boulder all have millionaire populations of between 10% – 13.6%.

If you want to be a millionaire, you probably go where there are the most number of millionaires. Of course, going to retirement towns like Napa probably won’t help.

Despite having roughly 1.4 billion people, China comes a distant second with only about 5.28 million millionaires. Japan, with a population of about 126 million, has roughly 3.66 million millionaires.

Tough Times For Brazil And India And Its Millionaires

On the flip side, it’s surprising to see Brazil’s millionaire population declined by 34% from 315 to 207 thousand millionaires. Brazil’s GDP fell by an estimated 4% in 2020 compared to only a 2.3% decline in the United States.

India has a population of roughly 1.3 billion, similar to China’s. Yet, partly because India is a democracy, it hasn’t been able to move things forward as quickly as China, which has a command economy.

I went to India and China many times for work. And it was always so striking how much more chaotic cities in India were compared to cities in China. The Indians I spoke to strongly believed in democracy as they aggressively tried to fight corruption. However, there was a constant frustration in the slowness of getting things done.

Think about how long it takes to pass legislation here in America. Now think about how difficult it is to move forward with a population 4X larger than ours that speaks 22 official languages. Luckily, America already has the infrastructure in place to tolerate long periods of government inefficiency.

Mean And Median Wealth Per Adult By Country

Below is a chart that shows the country rankings by mean and median wealth per adult.

If the average American continues to grow their net worth by 7.2% a year for 10 years, then the average person will become a millionaire in America. Of course, some will complain that we shouldn’t look at averages, despite having a population of over 330 million. Instead, we should look at median.

But you’ve got to ask yourself: Do you want to be median or do you want to be average? Personally, I want to be as far above average as possible! Therefore, I’ve got no problem using average as a net worth benchmark.

Switzerland Has The Highest Mean Wealth

If you haven’t visited Lucern, Switzerland, you must go. Even though I had to leave my tick-infested hotel room at 3 am, I wandered around the area until I could see the sunrise over Chapel Bridge (Kapellbrücke). Always think positive! Great things can come out of bad situations.

Australia Has The Highest Median Wealth

Therefore, with a mean wealth around 7.7X greater than the median wealth in America, there may be growing wealth inequality and unrest. Let’s see if my assumption holds true.

Wealth Inequality By Country

To calculate wealth inequality, economists generally use the Gini coefficient. The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution (for example, levels of income). The Gini coefficient is usually defined mathematically based on the Lorenz curve, which plots the proportion of the total income of the population (y-axis) that is cumulatively earned by the bottom x of the population.

A Gini coefficient of zero (or 0%) expresses perfect equality, where all values are the same e.g., everyone has the same income). A Gini coefficient of one (or 100%) expresses maximal inequality among values e.g., only one person has all the income or consumption and all others have none.

Most Unequal Countries

Based on the chart above, Brazil (89%), Russia (87.8%), the United States (85%), India (82.3%), Germany (77.9%), and the United Kingdom (71.7%) are the top six most unequal countries in terms of wealth.

Russia’s top 1% has the highest wealth share at 58.2% followed by Brazil at 49.6%. The United States is in the middle with our top 1% controlling 35.3% of total wealth.

The Gini coefficient for the United States hasn’t changed much since 2010 (84% to 85%), despite numerous reports the wealthiest Americans have gotten much richer. Therefore, perhaps we’re blowing the wealth inequality gap out of proportion as more Americans participate in the wealth boom.

Millionaire Growth By Country Forecast 2025

Now let’s look at Credit Suisse’s forecast for the number of millionaires by country. The United States still leads the way with the total number of millionaires by 2025 at 28 million and the largest absolute growth in the number of millionaires by 6.1 million.

However, what’s most interesting is the percentage change. The higher the percentage change, perhaps the greater the opportunity to get rich quicker and lift the overall standard of living for a country.

Poland (98%), China (92.7%), India (81.8%), Denmark (82.4%), Canada (77.2%), (Brazil 74.4%), and France (70.1%) lead the way in terms of estimated millionaire percent growth.

Seeing China and India in the top seven fastest countries for millionaire growth is not a surprise. India should rebound given it lost so many millionaires during the pandemic.

Poland, Denmark, And Canada As The Fastest Growers Of Millionaires?

Seeing Poland, Denmark, and Canada, on the list of countries with the fastest growth in millionaires is unexpected. You seldom hear about these countries innovating on a global stage to command such growth.

Poland is the 6th largest economy in the EU. The largest component of Poland’s economy is the service sector (62.3.%), followed by industry (34.2%) and agriculture (3.5%). The country’s top export goods include machinery, electronic equipment, vehicles, furniture, and plastics.

Roughly 80% of Denmark’s economy consists of the service sector and 11% work in manufacturing.

Meanwhile, Canada looks to be in a big housing bubble. The average Canadian wage is much lower than the average American wage. Smart Canadians are coming to the U.S. to work and then going back to retire.

Perhaps the reason for the high growth estimates is because the Poles, Danes, and Canadians already have high mean and median wealth figures per adult. Therefore, it’s easier to become a millionaire if you already have a lot of money and a relatively small population.

Overall, Credit Suisse estimates the number of millionaires in the globe will increase by 27.93 million in 2025. By 2025, roughly 8.5% of North Americans will be millionaires. Not bad!

The More You Care About Money, The More You May Get

Ever since starting Financial Samurai, I’ve always believed in beating the mean and median net worth figures in America. To become financially wealthy, we must outperform.

I’m pleased to report a much higher percentage of Financial Samurai readers are millionaires than the current 6.5% in North America. Check out this massive net worth poll consisting of over 31,000 entries.

An astounding 35% of you reading Financial Samurai are millionaires!

Therefore, it sure seems like the more we care about money, the higher your chances of becoming a millionaire.

For example, if you subscribe to my post e-mail distribution list and free newsletter like tens of thousands of people do, you can’t help but pay attention to your finances.

We’ll talk about everything from investing in stocks, finding a good deal in real estate, and strategies for reducing our tax liability. We’ll even talk about family finances, retirement planning, and ways to lead happier and more fulfilling lives!

If you’re listening to the latest podcast episode while going on a run, how can you not get motivated to improve your finances? Let’s make becoming a millionaire an inevitability.

The Millionaire Mindset

As we come to the end of this post, I’d like to share with my millionaire mindset to help you build more wealth.

1) Belief. There is no monopoly on being rich. The amount of money in this world is endless. Believe you also deserve to be rich. Adopt a positive money mindset. If you’ve ever played competitive sports, you know that half the battle is believing you can win no matter how big of an underdog you are.

2) Grit. Never fail due to a lack of effort because effort requires no skill. This is a motto I came up with after getting in trouble during my senior year of high school. I wondered whether my future had been doomed due to teenage restlessness. However, I’ve since learned it’s very hard to fail if you keep on going. You start looking at failures simply as setbacks on your way to inevitably achieving what you want.

3) Time. There’s a great Chinese proverb, “If the direction is correct, sooner or later you will get there.” Just make sure you have a healthy enough body and mind to last. We tend to underestimate how much progress we can make over a long period of time. In addition, we must delay gratification.

4) Community. If you can’t surround yourself in person with highly motivated people who also want to build wealth, then you can easily do so online. Please rid yourself of the naysayers, doubters, and haters in your life. Let them project their dissatisfactions elsewhere. You’re too busy taking action to complain about why the world isn’t fair.

The number of millionaires in the world will continue to grow. I hope all of you are a part of it!

Become A Millionaire With Real Estate

Real estate is my favorite way to become a millionaire. The combination of rental income growth and capital appreciation is a powerful way to build real wealth over time. Instead of fighting inflation, ride it!

Take a look at my two favorite real estate crowdfunding platforms. Both are free to sign up and explore.

Fundrise: A way for accredited and non-accredited investors to diversify into real estate through private eFunds. Fundrise has been around since 2012 and has consistently generated steady returns, no matter what the stock market is doing. For most people, investing in a diversified eREIT is the way to go.

CrowdStreet: A way for accredited investors to invest in individual real estate opportunities mostly in 18-hour cities. 18-hour cities are secondary cities with lower valuations, higher rental yields, and potentially higher growth due to job growth and demographic trends. If you have a lot more capital, you can build you own diversified real estate portfolio.

More people around the world have become millionaires through real estate than any other asset class. Personally, I’ve invested $810,000 in real estate crowdfunding to participate in rent inflation and property price increases in the heartland. Real estate is the ultimate inflation hedge and has made millionaires out of many homeowners.

The Number of Millionaires In The World is a Financial Samurai original post. I hope every reader becomes a millionaire one day. Sign up for my free weekly newsletter where I’ve helped over 50,000 readers become millionaires since 2009.

A mind-blowing 2022 review of World Money, Global Balance Sheet, and its 13 Global Markets

How much money and wealth is there in the world? Who owns it? Where does it come from and how is calculated for the differing markets? All of that is explored here.

“When the last tree has been cut down, the last fish caught, the last river poisoned, only then will we realize that one cannot eat money” Indian Proverb

World Wide Wealth

The intention of this in-depth review of the world’s balance sheet is to provide a snapshot of «money», ‘wealth distribution» and the disparity between the two ends of humanity. Leaving you with one final question. Can we do it better, together?

Global Wealth Balance Sheet

Today, 2020 in a pandemic, the world’s Wealth Hits Half A Quadrillion Dollars

Of that, there are approximately US$ 40 trillion U.S dollars in circulation, both physically and digitally. This includes all the physical money and the money deposited in savings and checking accounts.

Quick Breakdown of this Global wealth «431 Trillion»

Simply speaking Over 50% of global wealth is held by just 1% of people.

The distribution of wealth and resources needs to be decentralized. Any system that enables the few to win at the expense of the many, is not a well-designed or fair system. What about we all win and thrive together as one. At least have the resources to meet all our basic human needs.

Are you ok with this distribution?

Philosophers have asserted that true character is defined under pressure. If we are ok seeing 500 billionaires added to the exclusive club of 2500 individuals, whilst 150 million get pushed into extreme poverty at the same time.

Then perhaps apathy is the war we fight and we aren’t the smartest species after all.

Perhaps we are a parasite worse than the «virus», driven by ego, self-gratification, and self-gain at the expense of each other and the natural world. At least the virus allows 99.95% of people to thrive. We have destroyed over 90% of wildlife in just 50 years since 1970, putting us on the verge of the 6th global mass extinction. Creating a world where 1 billion human beings go to bed hungry each night, in a world where 40% of food is wasted globally each year. What a paradox.

I didn’t want to make this contrast, but I need to hit your heart, not your head. Let’s come back to compassion and empathy as you read this mind-blowing review of global wealth and its distribution to the few, at the expense of the many.

How is that wealth distributed? See for yourself here.

The data in this graph was put together back in 2012 using an approach suggested by Branko Milanovic, at the time lead economist in the World Bank’s research department, and author of The Haves and the Have-Nots. Incidentally, Milanovic went on to achieve mainstream fame for the so-called ‘elephant graph’.

For the bottom, 80% of the income distribution, they used World Bank figures from their database ‘PovcalNet’. As this data set was not considered reliable for the top 20% of the income distribution, we substituted them with figures from Branko Milanovic’s own work compiling national household surveys.

* The figures below have been gathered from multiple sources, both direct from the federal reserve, central banks, and independent reviews.

13 GLOBAL MARKETS that I will cover below.

Global Wealth Balance Sheet

Non-Tangible Assets (Largely Digital, Tech-based)

Tangible Assets (Physical «can touch» assets)

Centralized Banking

The future seems to be clear. It’s digital, technology-based, and flows in virtual reality. No longer in the physical reality.

1. GLOBAL WEALTH- 431 Trillion (10% own 85%)

85% of the «world’s money» is owned by 10% of the global population. Where Just 10 people own 85-323 Billion each and just 10 families own 41-215 billion each.

Here is a list of the world’s billionaires in 2020, according to Forbes.

Just a hypothetical question. But, how much money does one person or family need to live a happy, healthy, and connected life?

2. DERIVATIVES MARKET CAP

How can it be a quadrillion-dollar market?

The larger estimates come from adding up the notional value of all available derivatives contracts.

But some analysts argue that such a calculation doesn’t reflect reality

That the notional value of a derivative contract’s underlying assets, the financial instruments the derivative is pegged to, does not accurately represent the actual market value of derivative contracts based on those assets.

As an example, what is the value of money, now that it is no longer pegged to an underlying asset like gold or silver since 1971? Many experts assert that it holds zero tangible value.

A Derivative Defined

Financial security with a value that is reliant on, or derived from, an underlying asset or group of assets. The underlying asset can be a stock, an index, or a commodity. Derivatives allow the investor to manage the risk associated with an underlying asset with no modification of the position in that asset.

A Derivative Contract Defined

Derivatives & CCPs A future exchange compromise to be executed on a specific date (expiration date or maturity), and in its investment is not necessary the payment of the “principal” (this is named the “leverage effect”). This “leverage effect” means that these derivative products are instruments useful for risk management

3. GLOBAL MONEY SUPPLY

Accounting for it all. the 92% of Money that Doesn’t physically exist and the 8% of physical tangible money.

There is approximately US$ 40 trillion in circulation. Digitally and physically. This includes all the physical money and the money deposited in savings and checking accounts. Where just 2.1 trillion (8%) is Physical Money in the form of coins and notes. The other 37+ trillion (92%) is Digital Money.

That’s a 4-5x increase in printed money in the last 10 years alone!

There are 4 types of money. Typically, different types of money are classified as “M”s. They range from M0 (narrowest) to M3 (broadest), depending on the policy formulation of the country’s central bank.

The digital money supply stream is in bank accounts of various types, and the Federal Reserve has tracked these funds in three different values known as the M1, M2, and M3 money supplies. (M3 has since been dropped. More on that below.)

Mo represents all physical currency in circulation

M1 represents all the currency outside the U.S. Treasury, Federal Reserve banks, and the vaults of depository institutions. It also includes demand deposits at commercial banks (excluding those amounts held by depository institutions, the U.S. government, foreign banks, and official institutions), the Federal Reserve float, and other liquid deposits.

M3 is M2 plus larger CDs. As of March 2006, the Fed stopped tracking the M3 money stock as an economic indicator because it felt it did not add any information on economic activity that was not already available from M2 [sources: Federal Reserve].

The Federal Reserve says that at any given time, between one-half and two-thirds of the M0 money stock of U.S. dollars is held overseas.

Policymakers must strike the right balance in the face of high debt and rising inflation.

When 2020 dawned, the global economy had just notched its 10th straight year of uninterrupted growth, a streak most economists and government finance officials expected to persist for years ahead in a 21st Century version of the “Roaring ‘20s.”

The International Monetary Fund estimates the global economy to have shrunk by 4.4% this year compared with a contraction of just 0.1% in 2009 when the world last faced a financial crisis.

Household Debt to GDP ratios skyrocketed, unemployment hit historic 16% all-time highs in the USA. Only to recover instantly, as if by magic. (see below)

The amount of above-ground reserves for Gold is estimated to be around 197,500 metric tonnes according to the World Gold Council (End-2019). Note that the estimated above-ground Gold reserves can vary by up to 20% from one source to another: We will explore why that is below.

If you google, who owns the world’s gold. It will say that ‘The United States holds the largest stockpile of gold reserves in the world by a considerable margin at over 8,100 tons. The U.S. government has almost as many reserves as the next three largest countries combined (Germany, Italy, and France).’

But do they really? With over 200,000 metric tonnes of gold that we «know» to have been mined legally. Is it possible that there is much more in circulation? Is it possible that governments do not actually hold this gold anymore either?

For anyone that has watched the «Heist» on Netflix, it is an interesting tale about stealing the Spanish gold reserves from their central bank. They managed to do it, replacing the gold bars in a central bank vault with brass coated in gold. When the public knew that the gold had been stolen, stock markets and other markets crashed in an instant realizing that their «money» was no longer backed by something tangible. When the gold returned that same day, the markets recorrected in an instant as if by magic. Even though the actual gold had been replaced by fools’ gold. The public was none the wiser and as long as the Spanish government took the secret to their graves, no one would ever know that their money was an illusion, backed by nothing more than the idea of what was in the central bank vault.

The World Gold Council estimates

that miners have historically extracted a total of 201,296 tonnes of gold, leaving another 53,000 tonnes left in identified underground reserves.

If all of the above-ground gold were stacked beside each other, the resulting cube would only measure 22 meters on each side, which is a testament to the metal’s rarity. But where exactly is all of this mined gold? India and China have been the largest markets for gold jewelry consumption, combining for more than 50% of global jewelry demand in 2020.

Nearly half of all the gold ever mined is held in the form of jewelry.

Andrew Maguire recently sat down to discuss the gold and silver markets with Alasdair Macleod, one of the most requested guests and respected figures in the financial and precious metals industries.

It’s a common misconception that the world’s major central banks and monetary authorities own large quantities of gold bars. Most of them do not. Instead, this gold is owned by the sovereign states that have entrusted it to the respective nation’s central bank, and the central banks are merely acting as guardians of the gold.

Tracing the ownership question a step further, what are sovereign states? A sovereign state is an entity with a legal personality that is represented by one government. And with each government representing the people of that sovereign state, in essence, the large gold hordes managed by the central banks are in fact pools of gold owned by the state for the benefit of its citizens.

It’s well documented on this website and others that central banks are non-cooperative in disclosing important details about gold reserves which they hold and manage, details such as weight lists and auditing details. It has now been demonstrated that the majority of these central banks only ‘manage’ this gold on behalf of their respective sovereign states. The most common excuse of the central banks in their non-cooperation is confidential, with a close second being deflecting the question, and a common third being to ignore the question.

World Gold In one visual: Mined, not yet mined, and Unknown

Hidden gold reserves?

It is hard to believe that there is a large supply of mined and refined gold beyond the 170-200,000+ metric tons that can be identified in large disclosed holdings plus estimates of jewelry, dental, and other uses.

That accounting undoubtedly misses some gold, perhaps 10,000 metric tons, perhaps as much as 30,000. But I find it implausible that there are more than 200,000 metric tons.

We know of another 50,000 metric tons or so that could be mined with existing technology at a reasonable cost. Computers etc. Again there is certainly some undiscovered gold, and gold that could be extracted with new technologies or if the price of gold rose high enough to make it worthwhile.

But if you want to double the world gold supply or more, your best bet is probably asteroid mining. Especially considering Gold apparently appeared on earth millions of years ago after an asteroid collision.

United Kingdom: Under London’s streets lies a hidden gold mine: vaults that stash one-fifth of all the gold held by the world’s governments.

About one-fifth of all the gold held by the world’s governments is in London. In total, 6,256 tonnes of gold are stored in vaults in and around London – collectively worth about £172 billion ($248 billion).

China: No one knows for sure if China has 20,000 tons of gold in reserves. But if indeed it has that deep a gold reserve, Beijing can take on the US dollar by using gold for international trade. It would 3x the USA’s 8-tonne holdings and flip the «money» game in an instant.

The Market Capitalization of Silver is currently around $1.286 T. This value was obtained by multiplying the current silver price ($22.86 per once) with the amount of silver that is estimated to have been mined so far.

The amount of Silver that is estimated to have been mined is 1,751,000 metric tonnes (CPM Group Silver Yearbook 2019). These values are approximations and estimating the Market Cap of silver is more complicated than for Gold.

It is also noteworthy that a large quantity of silver has been lost/destroyed due to industrial applications.

The real estate market’s convincing expansion in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic seems to underscore investors’ resolute search for returns across asset classes.

Property ownership required a stock market until recently.

in 2006. “A stock market is crucial to the existence of capitalism and private property. For it means that there is a functioning market in the exchange of private titles to the means of production. There can be no genuine private ownership of capital without a stock market: there can be no true socialism if such a market is allowed to exist.” (Murray Rothbard, “Making Economic Sense,” 2006)

In 2021. Until «smart contracts» were created, thanks to evolving and decentralized finances. A smart contract is a self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code.

The future of property may no longer be tangible either.

That’s also a smidge higher than the average home price in Manhattan and well above prices in the other boroughs, as well as dwellings in San Francisco.

The stock market, also known as the share market or equity market, is a fundamental component of a free-market economy.

The New York Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in the world, with an equity market capitalization of just over 28.2 trillion U.S. dollars as of October 2021.

When it comes to the S&P 500’s market value, the abstract is in.

Not only is this a historical high—it’s a nod to just how prevalent technology has become in our lives.

Wait until the metaverse! lol! Will we all be buying property in virtual reality, which has no tangible value to our external reality? Yet, having a similar price tag. Imagine determining whether to buy a 500k property in the metaverse versus the real world. Only one can grow food and provide shelter for basic needs.

Money is moving quickly from ‘centralized financials’ to «technology’, ‘decentralized finances» and even healthcare.

This year’s Fortune 500 marks the 65th running of the list. In total,

USA-based enterprises Microsoft, Apple, Amazon, Alphabet, and Facebook make up the top 5. Above are the top 4 countries host to fortune 500 companies, followed by the top 5 corporations that make up 25% of the total value in the fortune 500 lists, leading the wealth accumulation race below. Notice that they are all ‘tech-based» companies. An insight for future investments.

The global market cap for cryptocurrency has fluctuated between 800 billion and 3.2 trillion in the past 12 months of the pandemic.

Centralized Banking Balance Sheet

11. FEDERAL RESERVE BALANCE SHEET (Ce Fi)

The Fed’s balance sheet sits at over 7 trillion dollars. Over 40% of all this total has been added in 2020 alone!

The Federal Reserve System is the central bank of the United States and is responsible for the nation’s monetary policy. The Fed’s primary goals are to promote maximum employment, stable prices, and manage long-term interest rates. The Fed also helps to create stability in the financial system, especially during times of recession—or negative economic growth—and financial instability.1

The Fed uses various programs and initiatives to accomplish its goals, and the result usually leads to a change in the composition of the Fed’s balance sheet. The Fed can increase or decrease the amount and scope of assets or liabilities on its balance sheet, which in turn, increases or decreases the money supply within the economy. However, some critics argue the Fed has gone too far and tried to do too much in response to recessions and crises.

The idea behind putting money into the economy was to drive down interest rates and hope that people and businesses borrow and spend more, and in the process revive the American economy.

Say what? Hope that people choose to go further in debt and spend more money? With inflated prices? Yep, that’s the solution.

Resulting in. you guessed it inflation! Yayy.. (not really)

The impact inflation has on the time value of money is that it decreases the value of a dollar over time as you see in the graph above. We have been running a negatively geared system since the creation of the centralized financial system and the first Us dollar in 1914.

Inflation increases the price of goods and services over time, effectively decreasing the number of goods and services you can buy with a dollar in the future as opposed to a dollar today. If wages remain the same but inflation causes the prices of goods and services to increase over time, it will take a larger percentage of your income to purchase the same good or service in the future.

Doesn’t sound fun right?

The U.S. budget deficit hit $2.8 trillion in 2021, the second-highest on record.

SIDE NOTE. How much would it cost to end extreme poverty?

Today the world produces enough food for everyone on the planet. So why are more than a billion people still dying of hunger? Why is life itself tenuous for so many families while the eight richest people in the world have as much wealth as the poorest 50 percent of people in the world?

Global extreme poverty is expected to rise in 2020 for the first time in over 20 years as the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic compounds the forces of conflict and climate change, which were already slowing poverty reduction progress

The COVID-19 pandemic is estimated to push an additional 88 million to 115 million people into extreme poverty this year, with the total rising to as many as 150 million by 2021, depending on the severity of the economic contraction.

But poverty is more than just very low incomes. It is hunger, high mortality rates, conflicts, a lack of education or health services, and a lack of a future for hundreds of thousands of women, men, and children.

In his book End of Poverty, Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, provides one answer to the question “how much does it cost to end poverty?”

So, how much would it cost to end extreme poverty?

Jeffrey Sachs, as one of the world’s leading experts on economic development and the fight against poverty, stated that.

It’s not up to the USA, but Imagine if just one country decided to enable and empower 700 million people for just one decade, to support them out of extreme poverty into a humane space, where they could meet their basic human needs for survival.

At a cost that was only 25% of what they were already spending on defense. What if rather than having a mindset of defense we had a mindset of empowerment and humanity, thriving together as one.

Imagine if each of the 192 countries invested just 800 million each in solving a problem facing nearly 1 in 8 of our global citizens? Or even just 5-10 million from each of the 2600 billionaires?

The best bang for the buck would be to invest in women, children, education systems, and enable natural environments for everyone. For every dollar invested here, 80% would be paid forward into the local communities creating real change and sustainable development.

For example: Would you like a 31x return on investment?

Focusing on women farmers has promising impacts in production, food security and equality

Ending poverty is possible and at a low cost. Now we just need ordinary citizens as well as multinational corporations to start meeting their responsibilities to help the poor and the left behind.

SUMMARY: Future predictions & solutions

We decide. Together.

EGON VON GREYERZ shares that the $2.3 quadrillion above is what the world is exposed to when this time bomb explodes.

That is the total sum of global debt, derivatives, and unfunded liabilities. When all the dominos start falling, and no one can meet their obligations, this is what governments are left to finance.

Yes, they will print this money and much more as deficits mount exponentially due to collapsing currencies. But the MMT (Modern Monetary Theory) will then find out that printed money rightfully has ZERO value. As shown in the Time Money graph above and backed by the «faith’ of a social agreement created by the centralized banking system. Which already results in 1% owning 99% of global money and assets. Facts, not assumptions. Do we just have to ask ourselves whether we are ok with this type of abundance distribution?

I hope you can see what I’m getting at here. My intention is to show you where to look, but never tell you what to see.

Taking the data above and extrapolating it forward.

If we continue as we are going, $65 Trillion will be Created Over The Next Five Years, where the rich get richer.

Between 2020 and 2025, these ultras will grow that figure by 6.7% year-on-year, a much faster rise than any other income group.

Most of this growth will happen within the top ten richest countries in the world: The U.S., China, Germany, Hong Kong, France, India, the U.K., Italy, Russia, and Canada. However, most will be from China.

On a positive note, solutions.

I don’t want to finish this piece on a negative. We already have a solution in plain sight. Decentralized financial systems.

One example is «China, who Created Its Own Digital Currency, a First for Major Economy». Which makes sense considering 92% of the money is already digital. We can only hope that future systems are built on a foundation of decentralized finances and balanced ledgers like blockchain. Whether that happens, well that’s up to us. The only way to mitigate human greed is to emotionally remove us from the equation.

CALL TO ACTION

QUESTION: IS THERE A BETTER WAY?

Leave any comments, resources, or insights below to keep this conversation going and discuss if there is a better way to manage, balance, distribute and share resources so that we can all meet our basic human needs. What people do from there is up to their own abundance mindset. Hopefully, we build a future-focused on building longer tables, not just higher fences. But that’s just me. What do you hope and wish for?

REFERENCES

We have done our best to reference everyone’s expert opinions, peer-reviewed science, and original thoughts, HIGHLIGHTED IN THE TEXT.

We also understand that most thoughts are not our own and there is a collective unconsciousness, unconsciousness, and universal mind stream of energy that is always at work. How are references are sorted and filtered is here.

Updated May 08 2022

The history of money has evolved from gift and barter economies into digital currencies over the past 10.000 years. In this guide you’ll get to explore a little bit of each one of the stepping stones we took to get here.

Understanding history is one of the most important things to do to be successful in any aspect of life as history has shown a tendency to repeat itself, so let’s dive into it!

Covering the whole history of money in a single post is quite a difficult task as in reality we would need a complete book to talk about it, but the whole point of this post and why we chose certain events like these ones is to help you understand how we got into where we are today so you can use that knowledge in the financial arena somehow, specially for those interested in forex (currencies) trading.

Table of Contents:

What is money?

Money is a WIDELY ACCEPTED medium of EXCHANGE. Lets analyse each word, they really have a huge importance.

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Why is money valuable?

The reason money is valuable is because we all have FAITH in it, and this faith is operating in present and future times.

Think about it, the reason we believe in money is because we know that if we save some amount of it, we can use it in the future to buy something as this money will still have value, right?

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Countries currencies used to be backed by gold long ago, nowadays they’re only backed by governmental policy so we could agree that:

The Timeline we’ll use for the History of money

In case you’re not familiar, this is the timeline of history we’ll be using.

It can get a little confusing because everyone is writing different timelines, using different codes and letters, so we want to keep a simple standard for our article.

Bartering is the act of exchanging goods or services without using money, so an example would be: give me 2 arrows and I’ll give you a cow.

Despite the fact that a lot of sources claim that Barter was the first way in which we conducted economical transactions, there is no clear evidence that this was the case and let’s analyse why:

Bartering involves a lot of work, first of all, finding someone who’s specifically interested in what you have and ensuring that you can both agree on a proper value for your transaction. This can be very impractical on execution, as not always you’ll find someone that needs what you have and maybe for that someone is not worth that much anyways.

Bartering was said to be practised with enemies. When two rival tribes met and through several rituals decided to agree and exchange certain items.

Many historians believe that in early small communities the standard practise was gift economies, which meant that goods or services were not exchanged or sold, but rather given without expecting anything in return at any moment.

Think of it as the system of “I owe you one” or “One for me today, one for you tomorrow”. Small communities technically did things for free for each other knowing that they could ask one another when they needed something.

In several places around the world commodity money was gaining traction, now, what do we mean by this? Well, commodity money are objects that are valuable by themselves and are also valuable when using them as money.

In certain parts of the world they used cowry shells, cattle and other things. As long as they considered them valuable it can be good to go! That’s why we mentioned earlier in our article that money needs to be a widely accepted medium of exchange in order to function.

One of the most interesting parts about this segment of history is that the Babylonian civilisation was already implementing some primitive economic systems where they had contracts, laws, rules of private property and debt.

It was only a matter of time until a universally defined medium of exchange came into play.

Around the year 1100 B.C in certain parts of China miniature bronze replicas of goods were being used, so if you had wanted to get a sword, you would have likely needed to have a miniature bronze sword as the equivalent currency to get one.

This could turn very impractical as imagine that any possible miniature replica objects that you could make could end up being uncomfortable to carry or possibly even dangerous to carry, you definitely don’t want to get stabbed by your own money.

Bear in mind that the fact that miniature replicas were being used as currency in China, that doesn’t mean that coins didn’t exist already in some places, they were just not official means of exchange yet and that brings us to the Kingdom of Lydia (Modern day Western Turkey).

Around 600 B.C King Alyattes minted what would become the first official currency ever recorded.

Each coin was made from electrum alloy which is a mixture of silver and gold.

A very fun thing that we never managed to understand is, why lions were sculpted or depicted with two possible faces:

If you don’t believe us, go through all the lion sculptures of past times that you can and make up your own mind, it’s a mystery.

Around 700 A.D during the Tang Dynasty in China there were already some forms of paper money like bills and credit notes. The Government realised that it was far more convenient to use credit notes to conduct transactions instead of carrying a whole load of coins.

The moment when paper money really took an official form was during the Song Dynasty in China around 1100 B.C and this is one of our favourite parts of history, as some of the banknotes belonging to these times that were found had an inscription that read:

“Those who are counterfeiting will be decapitated”.

Paper money arrived in Europe thanks to the travels of the great explorer Marco Polo around the year 1200 A.D.

It was not until the year 1661 that the first Banknote was issued in Sweden.

The term «Dollar» already existed before the U.S adopted it as its official currency name. It was very common during the colonial period when referring to the Spanish Real coin.

In the year 1775 the Continental Congress of the United States authorised the issuance of Continental currency but it wasn’t until the Coinage act of April 2, 1792 that an official monetary system was defined and the U.S dollar came to life as the official currency for the United States of America.

On March 3rd 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt closed all the banks in the U.S.A. He was responding to a run at the gold reserves.

Banks held large amounts of Gold which were backing all the available U.S dollars. At those times there was a fixed exchange rate between U.S dollars and Gold.

When president Franklin D. Roosevelt closed down banks, he temporarily banned the ability to redeem dollars for gold and prohibited gold exporting. Furthermore, he ordered all Americans to turn in their gold in exchange for U.S dollars.

Thanks to these bold manoeuvres, the gold reserves of Fort-Knox were built and the United States held the largest gold supply in the world.

Gold standard ended officially when president Richard Nixon on August 15 1971 announced that the U.S would no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value, that’s how the gold standard ended.

Nowadays, fiat money is no longer dependent on gold but rather on governmental policy.

The creator of the first bank issued card was Mr. John Biggins of the Flatbush National Bank of Brooklyn in New York around 1946.

Biggins created the “Charge-It” program. Merchants could send sales slips into the bank after a customer used the card with them and the bank would then go and bill the customer back.

Frank Macnamara had an idea, to create a card that allowed you to dine in restaurants and the Diners Club would pay your bill and you would pay them later.

The card was originally intended for a very small and exclusive group of 200 people belonging to the club, but the idea caught on fire and in less than a year there were more than 20.000 cardholders and you could use them pretty much everywhere.

In the 1990’s there were 2 different businesses known as confinity.com and x.com, both were diving into the online banking world separately through several innovative ideas.

At some point both companies decided to merge and gave birth to Paypal, the online payments giant.

Fun fact: Elon Musk the founder of Tesla was the owner of x.com, as you can see, he’s always working on some great thing.

Paypal changed the world for good. Being able to transfer money from computer to computer within seconds was really one of the greatest leaps in terms of the history of money that we’ve ever seen.

Around 2009, a mysterious developer known by the Alias «Satoshi Nakamoto» created Bitcoin.

Bitcoin grew with no official employees, no marketing and no investors to become the world’s largest digital currency.

In terms of the history of money, Bitcoin is relevant because it presents the following changes:

Thanks to these features, bitcoin took the world by surprise and proposed an interesting leap forward in technology.

Conclusion

Money has come a long way, from gift economies to blockchain powered currencies running over the Internet, it’s all quite impressive.

Humans are always looking for ways to improve systems, the reason people evolved from commodity money into miniature replicas, coins and then banknotes was to make transacting easier.

Every time a new technology comes by, another one can go down.

It’s up to us to sit down, try to think of what could be the next future steps for humanity so we can use this information to make decisions.

If you’re an investor or trader in the stock market, then you know that if a particular company is providing certain technology that could be a game changer in the way we transact, then it’s time to look into that.

Good luck and we hope you liked it!

Important information:

If you want to contribute to our article in order to improve it and become one of our sources we’ll gladly link to your website. Please send us an email to writers@thetradingbible.com and we’ll get in touch.

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The world of money

The history of money
The idea of money is one of the most fascinating ever developed by man.
Thousands of years ago money was not used, the «barter» system existed. People exchanged goods with each other.
Then such things as beads, shells, salt, skins and even cattle came to be used as money. But they were not easy to store and carry about.

The history of money

The history of money
Coins were first used in China. In ancient times they were made of either gold or silver.
Later people began to use coins made of cheaper metals. The coins are worth the amount stamped on them and it is backed by the government and banks.
People also started to use paper money.

The history of money

The history of money
Today we pay with coins, paper money, cheques, credit cards or traveller’s cheques.In other words we pay cash, by check or by card.

What makes money valuable?

There are 4 main things that money does for you.
First, it makes possible exchange and trade.
Second, it is used to measure and compare the values of various things.
Third, money is a «storehouse of value».
Fourth, it serves as a «standard for future payments».

Do you get pocket money?
How much a week?
What for?
for lunch
for bus fares
for entertaining(cafes,cinema,presents,clubs)
to pay for private lessons

Do you get pocket money?

Do you earn money yourself?
Why?
to feel independent
not to depend on your parents’ purse
to be treated like a child
What kind of work can teenagers do?
to have a part-time job, a job which doesn’t need any special qualifications
to wash cars, baby-sit, deliver mail, sell newspapers or cosmetics, give out ads etc.

Do you earn money yourself?

Are you economical or do you tend to waste a lot of money?
Whatever I get tends to disappear pretty quickly.
I spend money like water( like there is no tomorrow).
I spend money according to my budget.
Not that I am greedy, but I try to economize.
Do you save money? What for?

Are you economical or not?

Are you aware of your family general household expenses?
Do your parents discuss with you what outgoings should be covered a month?
What does your family spend money on?
buy food, clothes, domestic appliances
pay the bills
save/stock money for travelling/building a house/buying a car

Are you aware of your family expenses?

The modern world is unthinkable without banks
Have your parents set up a bank account for you?
How often do they deposit money into it? When are you going to withdraw it from the bank?
What for?
for my further education, etc.
Are you for or against borrowing money from banks?
lend/loan you money, ask for guarantees
check your credit, charge some money for their services

We can’t imagine our life without money nowadays

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Mapping the Migration of the World’s Millionaires

Graphics/Design:

Nick Routley

Mapping the Migration of the World’s Millionaires

Throughout 2022, a projected 88,000 millionaires will move to a new country, according to the latest Henley Global Citizens Report.

Which countries are these millionaires moving to, and where in the world are they coming from?

This graphic maps the migration of high net worth individuals (HNWIs)—people with a net worth of over US$1 million—showing where rich people are flocking, and where they’re fleeing.

Migration of Millionaires is Back

Before diving into the country-specific data, it’s worth taking a step back to look at overall millionaire migration trends, and how things are changing this year.

2020 saw a drastic drop in the number of millionaire migrants, as pandemic-induced lockdowns kept people from leaving their home countries—and at times, their homes in general.

But as restrictions ease and countries begin to open up their borders again, the migration of millionaires is beginning to gather steam once again:

Below, we’ll dive into which countries are seeing the highest number of HNWI migrants, and which ones are losing the most HNWIs.

Which Countries Are Millionaires Leaving?

There are a plethora of reasons why the ultra-rich move countries. Escaping conflict is one of them, which is why it’s no surprise to see Russia and Ukraine are projected to see some of the biggest emigration numbers by the end of 2022.

Here are the top 10 countries by millionaire outflows:

Figures rounded to the nearest 100.

While Russia is expected to see 15,000 millionaires leaving the country, Ukraine is projected to experience the highest loss in percentage terms—a whopping 42% of its HNWIs could leave the country by the end of 2022.

China could also see a big loss in its millionaire population, with a projected loss of 10,000.
According to Andrew Amoils, Head of Research at New World Wealth, this could be more damaging to the country than in previous years, since general wealth growth in China has declined recently.

Where Are The Ultra-Rich Moving?

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has become a millionaire magnet, with a projected 4,000 HNWIs flowing into the country by the end of 2022. This influx of ultra-wealthy people is partly because of the country’s accommodating immigration policies that are specially tailored to attract private wealth and international talent.

Here are the top 10 countries that saw millionaire inflows:

Australia continues to attract HNWIs, coming in second behind the UAE. According to New World Wealth, approximately 80,000 millionaires have moved to the Land Down Under in the last two decades.

A few things that attract migrants to Australia are the country’s low costs of healthcare, its lack of inheritance tax, and its generally prosperous economy.

Where does this data come from?

Data notes: As countries reopen, and the invasion of Ukraine wears on, this will have ripple effects on where people choose to live. There are two main things to keep in mind when view the information above. 1) Individuals need to remain in a country for six months in order to be updated in the database. In many cases, it’s not yet clear where people leaving certain countries choosing to relocate. 2) In the graphic above, we’ve visualized the top 10 countries for inflows and outflows.

Update: This article and graphic have been updated to more clearly explain what’s being shown, and list the data source in a more prominent way. We appreciate your feedback.

Mapped: A Decade of Population Growth and Decline in U.S. Counties

Mapped: Personal Finance Education Requirements, by State

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Mapping the Global Migration of Millionaires

Technology

Visualized: The State of Central Bank Digital Currencies

Central bank digital currencies are coming, but progress varies greatly from country to country. View the infographic to learn more.

Visualized: The State of Central Bank Digital Currencies

Central banks around the world are getting involved in digital currencies, but some are further ahead than others.

In this map, we used data from the Atlantic Council’s Currency Tracker to visualize the state of each central banks’ digital currency effort.

Digital Currency – The Basics

Digital currencies have been around since the 1980s, but didn’t become widely popular until the launch of Bitcoin in 2009. Today, there are thousands of digital currencies in existence, also referred to as “cryptocurrencies”.

A defining feature of cryptocurrencies is that they are based on a blockchain ledger. Blockchains can be either decentralized or centralized, but the most known cryptocurrencies today (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.) tend to be decentralized in nature. This makes transfers and payments very difficult to trace because there is no single entity with full control.

Government-issued digital currencies, on the other hand, will be controlled by a central bank and are likely to be easily trackable. They would have the same value as the local cash currency, but instead issued digitally with no physical form.

Central Bank Digital Currencies Worldwide

105 countries are currently exploring centralized digital currencies. Together, they represent 95% of global GDP. The table below lists the data used in the infographic.

When aggregated, we can see that the majority of countries are in the research stage.

We’ve also divided the map by region to make viewing easier.

Here’s how much money there is in the world — and why you’ve never heard the exact number

Twitter LinkedIn icon The word «in».

LinkedIn Fliboard icon A stylized letter F.

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Email Link icon An image of a chain link. It symobilizes a website link url.

Listener Elizabeth Masten, from Norfolk, Virginia, asked Marketplace this question:

I’m curious as to how much money is out there in the world? Does anybody keep records as to how much money the world has?

Jacob Kirkegaard, senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, said one part of the answer can be found in information published by the U.S. Federal Reserve.

But using a more inclusive definition of money, «that amount goes much, much higher,» explained Jeff Desjardins at the financial media website Visual Capitalist, which has published an infographic on the topic.

Most of the broad money in the world economy isn’t actually cash held in bank vaults, explained Karen Petrou, managing partner at Federal Financial Analytics. It’s bank balances on digital ledgers, money that people deposited in banks, and banks then lent out again.

«Banks always have your money out working in the economy,» said Petrou. «If everybody lined up and suddenly went to the bank to get cash, you’d have a classic banking run.»

Petrou said the U.S. dollar is the most popular currency in use worldwide — for countries’ central-bank reserves, wealthy people’s cash holdings, and criminal enterprises.

Because of the stability of the United States, «it’s the most liquid currency,» said Petrou. «As a global store of value and safety, it’s one of the most important assets this country has.»

The power of money

Money means freedom and power in a million different ways. Sure, there’s the obvious way of being able to structure your own days and not work, but there’s so much more to it. Having some money in your bank account gives you a cushion in your life no matter what dice the universe rolls. Money has such amazing superpowers and I will NEVER understand the lure of spending it all on junk and stuff and crap before sewing up your own parachute, umbrella, safety net. Having some cash in your bank account lets you react the way you want to react. It lets you put your own self interests first.

Money is freedom from bad romantic entanglements

I don’t watch much television, but I do enjoy Law & Order: SVU, The X-Files (there’s a season 10!) and Judge Judy. Judge shows litter the daytime TV landscape, but Judge Judy is by far the best in my opinion. Watching her yell at people makes my day. I also feel like I learn so much about human beings and relationships from her show.

I’m always shocked by the paltry sums of money that people go to court over, prolonging toxic contact with someone who is better left behind and forgotten. I’m not saying that you should let people take advantage of you, but sometimes it’s better to move forward without the hassle, stress and time of suing for some cash you’re owed and chalking the loss up to a lesson learned.

I hope that the plaintiffs and defendants on Judge Judy aren’t the most typical slice of Americana, but I find that vast majority of failed romantic relationships showcased there terrifying. Money gives you the freedom to leave an unhealthy relationship behind quickly. If you’re earning your own cash and you’re not up to your hair follicles in debt and you’re not living paycheck to paycheck and you’re not dependant on somebody else, you can summon the necessary resources to exit and move on with your life.

He hits you once? She verbally abuses you? He treats you like a maid? She cheats on you? I promise you that you’ll find it a lot easier to leave if you have some cash in your bank account and a way to sustain yourself. Money gives you the freedom to let go of the wrong person. Money grants you independence.

Even Judge Judy herself knows this. She recounted this conversation with her first husband in her memoir.

I said to Ron, who was in private practice and could set his own hours, “I have to be in court tomorrow afternoon. You need to go to the swim meet.” He had a look of incredulity. “That’s not our deal. If you want to work, that’s fine, but your job is a hobby.

….We were divorced within a year, and I vowed to never again let another person define me.”

Money is freedom from a negative living situation.

I see so many unhappy living arrangements on Judge Judy that could easily be solved with a balance in a bank account. The crazy and violent roommate is someone you just don’t get along with. Whoops, the house you rented on Craigslist is actually a crack den. There is no running water in the place. The idyllic neighborhood during the day turns into a loud club at night.

My last year of college, my roommate decided to stop paying rent. I could have taken her to court over the landlord keeping my security deposit because of her failure. I would have won this very clear case, but the sum was a small price to pay to see her true character and end the friendship. Perhaps on principle, I should have sued her, but the idea of squeezing blood from a stone placated my moral outrage.

Money is a cushion from a hostile work environment

Get me those TPS reports!

And money doesn’t just buffer you from unfortunate personal entanglements. Money gives you the wings to flee a negative work environment. It lets you tell your boss that he can’t swear at you. And urges you to tell a supervisor that he can’t make a pass at you. Money demands that you tell your employer that he can’t ask you to do something illegal or unethical. In an uncertain world with a fickle safety net, money whispers in your ear that you’ll be okay even without the system’s official support.

If you have your own money to back up your reactions, you’ll find it a lot easier to leave and find a new job, complain to human resources without obsessing over the repercussions, blow the whistle to the relevant government agency with less fear of retribution. No depreciating asset will give you the flexibility that a healthy bank account balance can. I’m not saying everything will be easy, but I can guarantee that everything will be harder with no money in the bank.

Money buys you more justice

The weird S looking thing on the right is the symbol for “Sections.”

Speaking of that fickle safety net and uncertain world, money protects you from the system when you do make a small mistake. Caught smoking a joint in public? Arrested for protesting for a cause you believe in? Even for misdemeanors, you better have bail money or else you’ll sit in a cell until it’s all sorted.

Overworked public defenders with crushing caseloads may not give you the same defense that a gaggle of attorneys working solely for you can give. Money talks. It’s a sad reality that the justice system will often peek under her blindfold or at least put her pinky on the scale if you wave enough cash in her face.

Money is power

Money gives you the freedom to make your life what you want it to be and the most valuable thing money can buy is freedom from having to worry about money. I know I repeat that sentiment a lot, but it’s a good sentiment and I think it perfectly encapsulate my philosophy on how to think about money.

Money makes the world go round. It lets you define your own worth, choose your own path in life. Money gives you flexibility. Don’t waste your money on stuff. Make no mistake, all the stuff that you will buy in the store will eventually be relegated to the dumpster. The rate of stuff turning to junk may vary based on the purchase, but eventually everything will be tossed. Everything.

The History and Evolution of Money

“In the beginning, God created the bank and the money. And the bank was without money, and bailed out; and darkness was upon the face of the taxpayer.” – Genesis 1:1

Just kidding. The evolution of modern money is a long and interesting one and took place over tens of thousands of years.

The Motivation

Humans are not self-sufficient. We cannot exist in isolation. In other words, we need things other humans provide, and we provide things other humans need.

Let’s go back to the beginning. You’re a hunter-gatherer caveman. You hunt animals, maybe catch some fish if you’re near a river or a lake or the coast, and then you bring the meat back to your tribe. You have satisfied one of your needs – nourishment.

Pretty simple right? You give something you have in order to get what you want. This is called an exchange.

The “something” in an exchange can be anything – goods, services, or even just an agreement to provide goods and services in the future (for example, “craft me a spear, and the first three deer I kill with that spear will be yours”).

The Barter System

Well, over time, we stopped being cavemen who relied on hunting and gathering for food. We took up agriculture.

Agriculture was a major change to human civilization – we could finally start settling down at one place and grow our own food. We even learned to domesticate animals, so we didn’t need to hunt for food.

Over time, as we settled down and formed society, something interesting happened. Our wants increased, and our labor became specialized.

Instead of everyone doing everything, some people became farmers, some raised animals, some become doctors, some became barbers, some became fishermen, other soldiers, etc. – in other words, people started picking their occupations.

This was a good thing as it greatly increased productivity among people and increased the quality of goods produced. Fishermen became extremely good at fishing as they spent most of their days fishing, carpenters became very good at crafting furniture, potters made great pots, etc.

The only problem was – how does the farmer get fish, how does the fisherman get pots, and how does the potter get furniture for his house?

Here is the simple solution: they exchange their goods and services with each other directly (remember, currency still hasn’t been invented yet). This is called the barter system.

“In trade, barter is a system of exchange in which participants in a transaction directly exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money.” – Wikipedia

The farmer needs fish, so what does he do? He goes to the fisherman and makes an exchange with him. He gives the fisherman a small wheat bag, and in return, the fisherman gives the farmer some fish.

The potter barters some of his pots with the farmer and the fisherman to get some wheat and fish. The barber, carpenter, etc. do the same thing – they offer their services in exchange for the goods they want.

The exchange ratio (how much fish for how much wheat, how many haircuts for how many fish, etc.) were determined based on demand and supply in that particular village. In a year with bad rainfall, there will be little wheat available, and thus the fisherman will have to give more fish to get the same amount of wheat, etc.

This system worked and was dominant for a long time – from prehistoric times to just a few thousand years ago. It is still in use today in parts of the world where people have lost faith in their government’s currency due to hyperinflation.

The barter system, however, has several limitations:

1. No common measure of value: Each good or service was pegged to several other goods and services. For example, 1 bag of wheat could be exchanged for 2 fish, or 5 haircuts, or 4 pots, etc., and there was no unified measure of value.

Today we measure all goods and services with one common measure – the currency of that particular country.

2. The need for double coincidence of wants: Both parties need to want what the other has to provide. For example, if you were a potter and wanted fish – you better hope that the fisherman needs pots. If the fisherman doesn’t want pots, you would have no option but to go without fish.

3. Indivisibility of certain goods: Let’s say you have a goat that you want to exchange for some pots. 1 goat buys 10 pots. But you only need one pot. So what now? You can’t chop the goat into 10 parts and give the potter one of them – because that will kill the goat. You’re stuck.

4. Lack of standards for deferred payments: For credit transactions, there can be many disputes regarding the quality and value of the goods or services used in the final settlement.

For example, let’s say you’re a barber and you agree with the farmer that you will provide the farmer’s family with haircuts for one whole year, and at the end of the year, the farmer will give you a horse from his stables.

Sounds good, right? Except when the year ends, the farmer gives you this old horse that’s not got many years left. It’s still a horse, but it’s less valuable than a young horse. Because of problems like this, it was challenging for people to do credit transactions.

5. Problems of storage: Let’s say you work hard as a fisherman and catch lots of fish. How do you store wealth? You can’t just keep the fish for long periods because they’ll spoil. Food and other perishable products spoil. There was a problem of storing wealth for long periods.

Commodity Money

As you might have guessed, many of the problems listed above are solvable by using a widely consumed commodity that is always in demand and can be exchanged for other goods.

For example, the Romans used salt. Salt is easily divisible, non-perishable (can be stored for a long period of time), limited in quantity (it was expensive and labor-intensive to produce), and widely consumed by everybody.

A Salt Mine. Source: Detroitsalt.com

In Ancient Rome, salt had to be mined from the Earth and was hard to come by.

People would keep and store a reserve of salt in their homes for both day-to-day transactions and future emergencies. Roman soldiers were partly paid in salt. This used to be called “salarium” (sal means salt) and is the origin of the word “salary”.

Different places had different commodities that people used as money, some examples being:

It is worth noting that just about anything can be “money” as long as enough people accept it in exchange for their goods and services.

Money does not have to be backed by a government to be considered money.

This is a good system and builds on top of the existing barter system. However, it does have its limitations:

1. Storage issues: Some forms of commodity money, such as cattle, are difficult to store in one place. They also have to be maintained (fed and given water) and can’t be passively stored. Some forms of commodity money like cowry shells are fragile and need to be stored and transported carefully.

2. Difficult to transport over long distances: This is a general problem with physical money.

3. No universal acceptability: The main problem with this form of money is that it’s not universally accepted. Different climates affect the perishability of different commodities in different ways, and different geographical locations have different levels of scarcity for different commodities.

Salt was valuable in Rome (where it was scarce) but useless when trading with India because India is a salt-rich country.

Butter made good commodity money in cold countries but was useless when trading with hot countries.

4. Perishability: Some forms of commodity money, like cattle and food items (rice, tobacco, sugar, etc.), deteriorate over time or get damaged by pests and lose value.

Metallic Money

Eventually, humans learned to dig deeper and found metal ores. Metals were used for many things like making swords and shields, armor, and tools of all types (i.e. they had value in use).

Metals were inherently valuable (since they had value in use), highly durable, divisible (and unitable), fungible, homogeneous, and it was easy to verify their purity by melting them.

Eventually, people started using metals as money. (Note: Metallic money is just a form of commodity money.)

Metals were scarce across the globe and weren’t too climate-dependent, so they had universal acceptability.

The downside to metals is that they are heavy.

Gold Backed IOUs (Non-Legal Tender Paper Currency)

Precious metals like gold were very valuable and had to be kept safe from thieves.

To prevent theft, people would leave their gold with a goldsmith. The goldsmith accepted gold deposits for a fee and issued I.O.U.s (short for I owe you) for the weight of the gold.

Anyone could take an IOU note to the goldsmith and get their gold back whenever they wanted. As trust in the goldsmith grew, people would accept the IOU as payments as if it was actually gold (instead of an obligation to give gold).

The IOUs derived their value from the gold the goldsmith was obligated to exchange for them.

This is a form of paper currency and had some of the same problems that paper currencies have today – debasement.

These goldsmiths eventually realized that not everybody came to claim their gold at one time, and they always had a healthy balance of people’s gold deposited with them. They just started creating fake I.O.U.s that wasn’t backed by any gold with them and spent these I.O.U.s.

Eventually, the ratio of the gold obligated to be repaid to I.O.U. Holders and the actual gold they had in the vault kept deteriorating, and occasionally, the goldsmiths who feared being caught and punished would disappear overnight along with all the gold in their vaults.

The IOU holders would be left holding worthless pieces of paper.

Legal Tender Coinage

The problem with metallic money was that fraudsters would cheat the public either in purity or weight.

Fraudsters would mix precious metals with less precious metals and pass them off as being pure.

The governments of those times (kings, emperors, etc.) took it upon themselves to solve this problem by taking control of metallic money minting.

The king’s mint would create coins and stamp them with the king’s emblem or whatever other symbols the king saw fit. The emblem guaranteed the weight and purity of the metal used to make that coin.

This improved trust and helped improve trade and commerce.

The only problem was: It was centralized.

The central authority (kings) was not fair and would debase the currency whenever they needed money (this is a universal problem with centralized money).

Let’s say the king fought a war and lost. The war was expensive and had no spoils. The king still needs to pay soldiers 1000 gold coins. But he checks his treasury and discovers that he has only 800 gold coins with him. So what does he do?

He melts the 800 gold coins, adds in 200 melted copper coins, and uses that to mint 1000 “gold” coins – which are used to pay off his soldiers.

This way, the money supply kept increasing, and the value of precious metals in the coins kept going down.

The rapid decline in the purity of Antoninianus, a Roman coin.

This practice of debasement is horrible for trade and the economy as it hurts trust in the currency, deteriorates international trade, and causes inflation problems in the domestic economy.

Paper Money

Paper money was invented by the Chinese. At that time in China, the official government currency had a copper coin that had a square hole in between, so people could string them together.

Rich merchants found it difficult to use these heavy strings of coins, especially for large transactions – so they would leave their coins with a trusted agent who would record their balance in a ledger and issue paper promissory notes, which could then be used as a currency. When the final holder of the promissory note returned it to the agent, the agent would give back the coins to the person. (Kind of like the IOUs above.)

Paper money was easy to store, easy to transport, easy to carry, easily divisible into small units, and was not perishable.

Song Dynasty Jiaozi, the world’s earliest paper money.

Eventually, the Chinese emperors of those times realized the economic advantages of having a paper currency (easy to make, easy to carry, etc.) and eventually issued a nationwide paper currency standard backed by gold or silver. The currency note had an inscription stating its value and a warning that counterfeiting was punishable by death.

This currency was legal tender (Legal tender is anything recognized by law as a means to settle a public or private debt or meet a financial obligation, including tax payments, contracts, and legal fines or damages).

Once again, the recurring problem of centralized currencies started to show: they printed too much of it.

Whenever the state needed money, they’d print more currency. Eventually, this led to oversupply and hyperinflation. The currency became worthless. Consequently, China discontinued the use of paper currency in 1455. The Chinese would not adopt paper currency again for hundreds of years.